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The Causes and Prevention of Yellowing Disease in Citrus Orange Pomelo
At present, yellowing occurs in a large number of oranges, oranges and pomelos in southern China. It has already seriously affected the yield of oranges, oranges, and pomelo fruit trees. Many farmers are in no help. Once yellowing occurs, if it is not symptomatic, only the whole plant will be exhumed and the entire garden will be destroyed. The prevention and control experience that I have summarized after more than 10 years of hard work is described below. First, water damage caused by yellowing. The orange, orange, and pomelo roots are extremely water-resistant. If soaked in water for 48 hours, it's hairy roots. (The nutritional roots of citrus) will be rotten. Therefore, it is suitable for moisture content of 60% to 80% in soil moisture. In the case of continuous rain, the roots must be immersed in water and they are prone to lack of oxygen to form rotten roots. In particular, the orchards without digging deep pits and raising high ridges are more susceptible to rotting roots and mildew, which leaves the leaves yellow. Therefore, the citrus, orange, and pomelo gardens should be established where the groundwater level is low and the soil is loose and fresh. When growing, it is required to dig deep pits and raise high ridges (more than 40 cm above ground level). For the fruit trees that are yellowed by water after planting, the drainage around the garden should be immediately completed. In the dripping line outside the trees, a 40 cm deep ring groove should be dug. The branches and leaves should be added to the bottom of the ditch. The appropriate amount of grass and charcoal ash should be added. , And then covered with soil, so that there is a lot of oxygen and organic matter in the roots, in order to facilitate the restoration of tree potential. Second, yellowing caused by fertilizer damage. The roots of orange, orange, and pomelo trees, especially capillary roots, are sensitive to high concentrations of fertilizers. If the fertilization concentration is too high and the ammonia is too heavy, it will be burned. Therefore, when fertilizing, the fertilizer should be applied as far as possible at the outer line of the branches and leaves of the trees, and no manure can be applied without mashing and decomposing. Decomposing farmyard fertilizers should also be diluted. The concentration of chemical fertilizer is preferably 0.5% to 0.8%. In summer, the root plate of the tree should be well protected from the sun exposure, and grass or grass be planted in the orchard to enhance the vitality of the fruit tree roots. Third, nutrient deficiency. Because chemical fertilizers (compound fertilizers) mostly contain only three elements (ie, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and some do not contain potassium), citrus, orange, and pomelo fruit trees also require calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, manganese, and iron. Twelve elements such as copper, boron and molybdenum. If a single compound fertilizer is applied for a long time, it will cause yellow leaves, dead branches and various diseases in the fruit trees. Therefore, the fertilizers used in citrus, orange, and pomelo fruit trees must be fertilizer-effective and nutritious, such as high-quality, chronic-fertilizers, made from peanut bran, soybean bran, rapeseed bran, and phosphate fertilizers, with better mixing and application; fresh branches and leaves, Grass is used as base fertilizer and is also a good organic fertilizer. Fast-acting fertilizers are better prepared with more nutritious ingredients, such as imported high-potassium, calcium, and boron-rich fertilizers, and Israel's nutrient potassium nitrate. These new concentrated fertilizers contain more than 8 elements and can meet the various nutrients that fruit trees need. Especially in the autumn (September to October), it is the period when fruit trees need the most nutrients in a year. If there is insufficient nutrition, it will lead to yellow leaves in winter, more spring malformations, and a large number of flowering during flowering, which will directly affect the output of the next year. Fourth, viral yellow disease (Huanglong disease). Characteristics of Huanglong diseased trees: The leaves are small, hard, dull, yellow, veins swollen, new shoots short, clustered, and there is no serum in the branches. There is no cure for the disease at present, but it can only be prevented in the long term: 1 Introduction: Detoxification of seedlings from research institutes. 2 Kill citrus hibiscus and mealworms (mustard is the medium for the spread of the yellow dragon virus). Spring, summer and autumn young shoots spray 2 to 3 times tetracycline hydrochloride (each piece of water 1.5 kg to 2.5 kg). 3 Protect the roots of fruit trees to avoid water damage, fertilizer damage and lack of nutrient elements, and increase the resistance of the tree. 4 It was found that the tree of Huanglong disease should be excavated and burned.