Locomotive failure without disassembly diagnosis

Without disassembling the diagnosis, the technical condition or failure of the locomotive can be judged without disassembly. This method can avoid waste of manpower, material resources, and time (especially blind disassembly) due to disassembly, and can also avoid damage to machine parts caused by disassembly. The diagnostic methods that will not be dismantled are described as follows: 1. The locomotive of temperature and smoke changes at work. After some faults are generated, it often results in changes in temperature, smoke, or odor. Therefore, it is possible to pass various parts at work. Change as a means of inspection to prove that the parts are indeed faulty. (1) Temperature changes. If a certain cylinder does not work, the temperature of the cylinder head and cylinder part of the cylinder will certainly be low; if a certain main bearing tile is burned, the temperature of the body near the main bearing shell is too high, the body heats up and the oil evaporates, and the crankcase has a blue gray interior. Or white smoke overflows from the air vent; if the brakes slip, then the brake drum must be warm, and there is odor and smoke emitted. (2) Smoke changes. If the exhaust pipe is emitting dark smoke, the load is too heavy, the oil supply is too large, and the quality of the injection is poor. If the blue smoke is taken, it is burning oil; if the white smoke is, the body temperature is too low or the oil There are water and other reasons. (3) Odor. When friction plates, brake belts, transmission belts, insulating lacquer, engine oil, etc. are burned, the corresponding odor must be spilled out, which can be clearly felt through the sense of smell, and provides some basis for the analysis of the location of the fault. 2. Interrogation method The driver and the repairman are asked about the signs and conditions before and after the malfunction of the locomotive, or the records of the recorded and maintained records of the vehicle and the repair files are used as the reference for judging and analyzing the fault of the locomotive. 3. The observation method judges the failure of the locomotive by observing the abnormal phenomena of the machine. For example, the exterior of the locomotive has leakage, oil leakage, air leakage, leakage phenomenon, oil temperature, oil pressure, water temperature is abnormal, and the light is not bright. 4. The cylinder-cut method stops the fuel supply or ignition of a certain cylinder in sequence, observes the change of the fault sign, and judges which cylinder of the locomotive has failed. 5. Heuristic analysis In the process of analyzing locomotive failures, the causes of certain failures cannot be accurately judged at one time, and some tentative inspections and adjustment methods are used to observe changes in failure signs to verify whether the doubts are true or not. 6. When the replacement method analyzes a fault, there is suspicion about a part or part, and it can be replaced by a spare part with good technical status. According to the change of signs before and after the change of parts, it is determined whether the technical status of the original part is normal. 7. The use of indicators to assess the law through the changes in the indicators to determine the degree of wear and tear of machine parts. For example, according to the ratio of the internal combustion engine oil consumption and the main fuel consumption, the cylinder sleeve piston group wear degree is deduced; according to the engine main oil gallery oil pressure drop value, the wear degree of the crankshaft bearing is calculated. 8. The screening method is troublesome for some inconvenient inspections or inspections. There is not even a failure factor for the inspection method. It does not directly inspect the product. Instead, it screens through other failure factors in order. The last remaining part is the true cause of the failure. . 9. The auscultation method locomotive or engine has abnormal noise during work, but I do not know what part occurs, can be auscultated with a stethoscope or a screwdriver, repeated comparison through the sound difference of each cylinder or the sound changes in different parts, and then according to the internal parts of the parts and the relationship between , determine which part of the sound caused by the part, so as to determine the basis for the cause of the fault. 10. The "cutting pulse" method uses meters and gauges to test the relevant technical specifications to analyze faults and technical conditions. Such as using the instrument to measure the engine's power, speed, pressure, temperature, flow and so on. When the engine is running, the hand grips the high-pressure fuel pipe and uses the pulsation condition generated when the fuel injection pump senses the pressure to determine the working condition of each cylinder, that is, “cutting the pulse”. When this method is adopted, the auscultation method and temperature sensing method may be simultaneously analyzed and compared to determine the cylinder where the fault is located and the cause of the fault. The general situation is: large pulsation, strong bursting sound and high instantaneous temperature, indicating that the single-cylinder oil supply is too large; conversely, indicating that the single-cylinder fuel supply is small; pulsation is large, but the burst sound is weak and the instantaneous temperature is low, indicating injection The nozzle hole is blocked or the needle valve is stuck. As a result, the oil pressure in the high pressure oil pipe is high, but it cannot be injected or the fuel injection is small; the pulsation is small, the explosion sound is abnormal and the instantaneous temperature is high, indicating that the injector fuel injection pressure is decreased. , Poor atomization, resulting in the inability to fire in time and complete combustion, resulting in serious post-combustion, increased exhaust temperature. 11. Comparison method When determining that a cylinder is not working properly, to further determine the location of the fault, remove a faulty and a fault-free cylinder's high-pressure fuel line connector on the injection pump, then step down the throttle and press. The start button compares the height of the oil column ejected by the diesel fuel in the two oil pipe fittings of the fuel injection pump. If there is a fault in the height of the oil cylinder of one cylinder and the one cylinder without fault, it means that the fault is caused by the poor seal of the injector or by the cylinder; otherwise, the fault is in the fuel injection pump. Author: Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational College, Qing'an Agricultural Machinery Station, Heilongjiang Province

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