In theory, almost all cultivated pastures and wild forages can be used to make hay. However, in actual practice, those forage grasses with fine stalks and moderate foliage are generally selected, which are commonly referred to as leguminous and gramineae, because the stalks are too thick, the foliage is too large, and stems Differences in stalks and leaves are too different and can affect hay quality. (1) grasses 1 Leymus chinensis, also known as alkali grass, is mainly distributed in the northeast, northwest, north China and Inner Mongolia, and is also distributed in Russia, North Korea, and Mongolia. Leymus chinensis is a dominant and constructive species on grasslands such as Songnen, Horqin, Xilinguole, and Hulunbeier. It began artificial cultivation after the 1950s and quickly established a large area of ​​Leymus chinensis artificial grassland in many places. Leymus chinensis is not only suitable for grazing all kinds of livestock, but also one of the grass species suitable for preparing hay. The crude protein content of hay is 7% to 13%, crude fat is 2.3% to 2.5%, and the leaves are numerous, wide and long, and the palatability is good. 2 Mongmai, also known as C. paniculatum, Siberian alkaloids, M. sibiricus is perennial grass for grasses, and it is a wide-ranging wild pasture in the Northern Hemisphere. China is mainly distributed in the northeast, northwest and Inner Mongolia, southeastern Russia, and Siberia. Far East, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Japan also have distributions. In the early 1960s, it was used to establish artificial grassland. Momamai has strong cold-resistance, moisture tolerance but poor drought resistance, and has wide adaptability to soil. Not only fertile soil can grow well, but also grows in weak acid to weakly alkaline soil and low-humid saline-alkali soil. The mulberry leaves are abundant, suitable for grazing when young, and harvested from the heading to the initial flowering stage to prepare hay with good quality. The crude protein content is 11% to 13% and the crude fat is 2% to 4%. 3 Elymus macrophylla, also known as wild wheatgrass and barleygrass, is an excellent pasture widely distributed in temperate and tundra regions. China is mainly distributed in the “Three North†(northeast, north, northwest) regions. Elymus is welcomed for its cold resistance, drought resistance, sand resistance, and salt resistance. The suitable harvesting period for preparing hay is from 7% to 12% of crude protein and 2% to 3% of crude fat before heading to flowering. If it is harvested too late, the grass is hard and its nutrient content is reduced. 4 Festuca arundinacea, also known as the porcupine, is a perennial herb of the genus Foxa, which originates from Europe and Asia and is mainly distributed in temperate and frigid Europe, western Siberia, and northern Africa. In recent years, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Shandong provinces have demonstrated good adaptability and high yields. Festuca fescunda, fibrous roots, short underground stems, erect stems, hard. Drought-resistant, moisture-resistant, and heat-resistant, it can grow in colder conditions, and it can safely overheat in subtropical hills and hills. However, it is poor in cold resistance and grows on fertile, moist soils. It has high yield and strong regeneration. Resistance to emasculation. It can be widely planted in warm temperate zone, subtropical hilly land and light saline-alkali soil, and it can also be mixed with white clover to form mixed sowing grassland. F. arundinacea modulation of hay in the heading stage castration, crude protein content of 13% to 15%, 3% to 4% of crude fat, harvesting too late, the rough grass, poor palatability. 5 Rye steppe is produced in southwestern Europe, North Africa and southwest Asia. It is now an excellent herbage widely cultivated in areas with high precipitation in subtropical regions of China. It has been cultivated into about 60 varieties with different characteristics. Ryegrass is a grassy, ​​dense tussock type and has strong tillering power, ranging from tens to hundreds. Ryegrass prefers a warm, cool, humid climate, heat, drought, and cold. Ryegrass is an important pasture for the spring, autumn and winter evergreen in the Yangtze River basin and the southern provinces of China. The grass is soft and the amount of leaves is high. All grass-eating livestock, poultry and fish are very fond of food. At the beginning of the ear stage, the hay was cut to modulate the hay. The crude protein content of the hay was 9% to 13%, and the crude fat was 2% to 3%. Due to its many leaves and softness, it is a good quality hay for livestock. When harvested, the crude protein content can reach 20% and it can be used for pigs, especially sows. (2) legumes 1 Alfalfa is currently the most widely distributed legumes in the world. It originated from the highlands of Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Iran and Turkmen. China began planting 2,000 years ago, mainly in the "Three North" region. It is known as the “king of pastures†not only because of its excellent grass quality and nutritious but also because of its wide adaptability. Soft stems and leaves, suitable for modulation of hay, the appropriate harvest period for the early flowering period, crude protein content of 18% to 20%, 3.1% to 3.6% of crude fat, harvesting later, the nutrients decreased, rough grass. 2 Sandawang, also known as erect yellow astragalus, is a perennial herb of the family Astragalus. China's Henan, Fujian, and Shandong provinces have cultivated pastures and green manures for centuries. Since the 1960s, the provinces (regions) in the northeast, north, and Inner Mongolia have seen large-scale aerial seeding and development. Sandhorn is not only used as a feed, but also a good plant for wind and sand fixation, soil and water conservation, fuel and fertilizer. Sandopteris is harvested at the early flowering stage, and it is most suitable to prepare hay. Crude protein content is 12%-17% and crude fat is 2%-3%. The stalks of Sandawang are harder and harder, and the utilization of the whole plant is low. After crushing, other feedstuffs are mixed to increase the utilization rate and improve the balance of nutrients. 3 red bean grass, also known as donkey beans, donkey hi beans, for the leguminous red bean grass is a perennial forage, feed value is similar to the wolfberry, there is "herb queen". It was cultivated in Armenia more than a thousand years ago and was later introduced into France, Russia and the United Kingdom. Now it is located in Europe, Africa and western and southern Asia. Now China's Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet and other provinces (regions) have been planted in large areas and have become very important legume forages in the arid regions of China. The red bean grass at flowering stage is suitable for preparing hay, because the water content of stem and leaf is lower and it is easy to dry, but it is also necessary to prevent the leaves from falling off. The crude protein content of red bean grass hay during flowering period was 15%-16%, crude fat was 2%-5%, and dry matter digestibility was about 70%. 4 Crested flowers are leguminous herbs of the family Leguminosae, native to southern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean. China was introduced in 1967 and it has been planted in Beijing, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Nanjing. It has grown well. The fresh crowned flower contains a low toxic substance, 3-nitropropionic acid glycoside, which is safe for pigs and sheep, but the feeding rabbits have symptoms of poisoning and cannot be fed alone. Modulation of dry leather should be harvested from the flower bud to the beginning of flowering period. It is safe for hay to feed all kinds of livestock. The crude protein content is 19% to 22% at full flowering stage, crude fat is 1.8% to 2.9%, crude fiber content is low, only 21 % to 32%. 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