Today, I will talk about the topic of green beans. The green beans are a kind of vegetables with high nutritional value. The “Qianjing†planted with green beans is very good. The green beans are the alias of the beans. The name is: cowpea, lentils, beans, Beans, etc., are -year-old herbs and are one of the common vegetables on the table. The green beans can be planted in spring and autumn, and are very popular among growers. They are widely cultivated in north and south of China. Green beans are the seeds of the lentils that are the annual entangled herb of the leguminous family. It is one of the most common vegetables on the table of the people. Zhengdao Fertilizer Network reminds that the root system is more developed during the cultivation of green beans. Stems vine, half vine or dwarf. The most common ones are: Kidney Beans and Beans, which are called Qingming Beans in Zhangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and Beans in the North of China. They are one of the common vegetables on the table. Whether it is fried alone, stewed with meat, or cooked, it is in line with people's tastes. Guide: The efficacy and nutritional value of green beans The effect and role of green beans Sexually sweet, light, slightly warm, spleen, stomach. Wet and not dry, spleen and not tired, for the spleen and wet stop commonly used products. It has the effect of regulating the viscera, maintaining the spirit, replenishing qi and strengthening the spleen, eliminating the heat and dampness, and reducing the swelling of the water. Indications of spleen deficiency and dampness, eating less stool, wet turbid bet, women take too much, can also be used in summer wet wounds, vomiting and diarrhea and other evidence. Green beans contain protein and a variety of amino acids. Regular consumption can strengthen the spleen and stomach and increase appetite. Eat more green beans in the summer to cool off and clear your mouth. Green beans are rich in vitamin C and iron, and regular consumption is beneficial for iron deficiency anemia. Indications of spleen deficiency and dampness, eating less stool, wet turbid bet, women take too much, can also be used in summer wet wounds, vomiting and diarrhea and other symptoms. It has the effect of regulating the viscera, maintaining the spirit, replenishing qi and strengthening the spleen, eliminating the heat and dampness, and reducing the swelling of the water. Although the green bean is not too much calcium, it contains a lot of vitamin K. Vitamin K can increase bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis and reduce the risk of fracture. The nutritional value of green beans Fresh beans contain a lot of water and contain less calories, but contain moderate amounts of vitamin A and vitamin C. The mature green beans have a protein content of about 23% to 25%, a carbohydrate content of about 6% to 63%, and a fat content of about 1.5%. The calcium contained in the beans is 1/6 of the phosphorus contained in the beans. In immature beans, the content of these two elements is roughly equal (it is generally believed that the low ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the diet will reduce the body's utilization rate). Therefore, when eating green beans, you should pay attention to eating some high-calcium and low-phosphorus foods, such as dairy products and green leafy vegetables. Beans can provide sufficient iron and potassium. Modern medicine proves that green beans contain hemagglutinin, a proteinaceous substance that increases the synthesis of DNA and ribonucleic acid. It inhibits the immune response and the movement of white blood cells and lymphocytes, so it can activate the lymphocytes of tumor patients to produce lymphatic virus, which has non-specific damage to the body cells and has a significant role in calf tumors. Attention: Planting time of green beans and planting precautions 2-4 months (can also be carried out in autumn from August to September). The specific spring sowing period is: the northeast region is from late April to mid-May. Most of the northwest and north China are in April, and the northern plateau is in early May. East China region from late March to early April. Most of Central and Southwestern regions are from late February to early March. Yunnan is from late January to early February. South China from December to April. Autumn planting: North China and Northwest China in early July-August. , Central China region from late July to early August. East China region from late July to early September. The southwestern region is in early August. South China is from late August to October. Green bean growth environment Planting time of different varieties of green beans Field management of green bean cultivation 1. Fertilizer management The green beans are dry and afraid of wetness, especially if they are wet during the sowing period, the seeds will rot and no seedlings will be formed. Therefore, before planting, the appropriate water will be poured in the holes. After the emergence, if the land is dry, it will be poured in 5-6 days. water. If the ground is not dry, it will not be watered. If the soil is too dry, it can be irrigated with a ditch, and the water layer will drain after reaching the semi-ditch, and will not be filled with overnight water. Pay attention to drainage when it rains. During the flowering and pod-forming period, the soil should be kept moist. It should be irrigated more, but it also prevents excessive water. Because the plants grow too vigorously, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth disorders and the falling flowers and pods are lost. Stop the field dry. Under suitable environmental conditions, the effect of early application of topdressing is more significant, but it is not advisable to apply excessive nitrogen fertilizer or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling stage. The live-seeded application of the compound fertilizer in the compound leaves occurs, and the seedling transplanting is 3~4 after planting. Japanese Shiji-sub-fertilization, so that the seedlings resume growth, and then add fertilizer 2 to 3 times later, the vines should be applied before the vines and the trusses, and the topdressing sorghum should be 20% to 30% per mus. About 1500 kg, it is best to add 2.5 kg of potassium sulfate and superphosphate. The top dressing in the pod-forming period increased with the order of flowering and pod-forming and the harvesting period of the tender pods. The cultivars had higher fertility and more fertilization times than the dwarf species. In the early stage of the flowering and pod-forming of the green beans, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the topdressing is applied during the flowering and pod-forming period to adapt to the rapid growth of the fruit pods. The amount of application is 50% of the human and animal excrement of about 2500-5000 kg per acre, and should be added with 15 kg of superphosphate to dry and water, and the ground wet and fine soil is applied to open the hole. The number of application times is 1 to 3 times. The seasons of the four seasons are short, and they are no longer pursued. The pods of the green beans are longer, and the growth and pod formation in the rear view should be properly applied 2 to 3 times. In the flowering and pod-filling period, the topdressing glutinous rice glutinous rice glutamate 0.3% potassium hydrogen phosphate plus 0.2% urea, foliar spray 2 to 3 times, has a significant increase in yield. 2, cultivating, weeding and scaffolding When the vine begins to grow, it should be ploughed 1 or 2 times, combined with weeding, and later, it will not be ploughed, and if there is grass, it can be removed. If the soil is knotted, the head can be loose-lowed, but not close to the root. At the same time, the soil can be combined with the soil for 1 or 2 times in the later stage, and the soil in the ditch is cultivated on the raft. When the plants are vine, they will be put up in time. 3, disease prevention In addition to picking disease-resistant varieties, selecting fields that have not been planted with legumes for more than two years, planting sorghum, rational topdressing, cleaning pastures, and removing plant residues, etc., it is optional, high-efficiency, low-toxic, low- Residual pesticides are controlled. 4. Pest control Recommended reading: China's current mainstream green bean varieties introduced Several dwarf green bean varieties grown in China mainly include: Early Green No. 2: The variety is precocious, and pods are harvested 56 days after sowing. Plant dwarf, strong growth potential, good pod formation, green pods, round sticks, pods straight, smooth surface, 10~13 cm long, 0.8 cm in diameter, 5-6 g in single pod, cross section Shape, tender pods thick, crisp, less fiber, good quality, high processing yield. It is resistant to disease and high yield and is suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn. Fresh Green No. 2: Ningbo Seed Company was introduced and selected for planting and harvesting for 55 days. The plants are slightly taller, not suitable for lodging, and the pods are high, and the pods are not easy to bend. The pod is emerald green, 0.8 cm thick and 11-13 cm long. The seed granules are slow and the yield is high. The seeds are white and slender. It is a standard processed variety. Emerald (5991): American variety. Early maturity, about 60 days in the growing season. The plant is dwarf, strong and strong, with strong growth potential, plant height 45~50 cm, main stem 5~6 knots, 4~5 branches, good pod consistency, tender green, round stick, pod Straight, no bending, no deformity, smooth surface, length 11~12.5 cm, diameter 0.7~0.8 cm, tender pods, tender pods weighing about 4 grams; crisp, low fiber, good quality, high processing yield Suitable for whole and canned processing. It is resistant to disease, with long flowering and pod-forming period. The seeds are white and small, with a thousand-grain weight of 130-145 grams. Supplier: Dwarf erect, plant height ~ 50 cm, effective branching of 10 to 14 per plant, development degree 45 × 55 cm. Leaves heart-shaped, leaflets 11 to 14 cm long and 8 to 9 cm wide. Dark green with white fluff. The main inflorescence begins in the 3rd to 4th sections, with purple flowers, more than 10 flowers per inflorescence, 3 to 5 pods, and 20 to 28 pods per plant. The pod is round and 11 to 12 cm long. 0.9 cm wide. 0.9 cm thick. The cross section is nearly round, the green pod is green, and the single pod weighs 6~7 grams. The surface of the tender pod is smooth, the fiber is small, the quality is good, and the commodity is good. Early maturity, sowing in the spring to harvest tender pods for about 50 to 60 days, autumn sowing is slightly shorter. Not resistant to frost, wide adaptability. The yield per mu is 600~800 kg. French green beans: introduced from France. The plant has a strong growth potential and the plant height is 40 cm. The tender pods are thick green, nearly round stick shape, slightly curved at the apex, pod length 15~16 cm, pods with less fiber and better quality; large seeds, kidney shape, light brown; early maturity, disease resistance, spring sowing 60 The day can harvest tender pods, suitable for spring and autumn, planting 750 kg to 1000 kg per mu. 81-6: The bean varieties selected from the foreign varieties introduced by the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Vegetable Research Institute. Plants are dwarf. Upright, plant height 43 ~ 53 cm, branches 6 ~ 8, flowers dark red. The leaves are dark green and small. The pods are round and green, and the tender pods are thick. The seeds do not protrude. The pods are 13 to 15 cm long, and the width and thickness are about 1 cm. The average single pod weighs 7-8 grams, the number of pods per plant is 18-22, the seeds are black, and the 100-grain weight is about 39 grams. Early maturity, from the sowing to harvesting tender pods in the spring for 58-63 days, the whole growth period is 62-82 days, which is more resistant to disease and heat, and has a long pod-forming period in spring and is resistant to aging. The yield per mu is 1200~1400 kg. Special attention: symptoms of green beans poisoning and treatment Green beans have high nutritional value, but improper consumption can cause food poisoning. Green bean poisoning is food poisoning caused by eating green beans. Green beans, also known as kidney beans, commonly known as cowpeas, are vegetables commonly eaten throughout the country. Generally, the poisoning of green beans does not cause poisoning, but the beans that are not fully heated and thoroughly cooked will be poisoned. The cause of green bean poisoning may be related to saponin, phytohemagglutinin, and trypsin inhibitor. Mainly for gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, etc., can use the necessary symptomatic treatment, the better. Green bean poisoning is a common cause of food natural toxin poisoning, which can occur all year round, and is more common before and after frost in autumn. Poisoning caused by green beans may be related to variety, origin, season and cooking methods. According to the actual investigation of poisoning, improper cooking is the main cause of poisoning, and most of them are caused by insufficient cooking. Uncooked green beans contain saponin, which is highly irritating to the digestive tract mucosa; in addition, immature green beans may contain condensed factors and have coagulation [2]. Ingestion of uncooked green beans, the incubation period for poisoning is 10 minutes, usually no more than 5 hours, mainly for gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Vomiting is less than a few times, and many can reach dozens of times. There are dizziness, headache, chest tightness, cold sweat and palpitation, and a burning sensation in the stomach. Most patients have elevated white blood cells, and their body temperature is generally normal. The course of the disease is usually several hours or 1-2 days. The main preventive measures are: the best red bean roast, so that it is fully cooked to destroy the toxins contained in it. It needs to be cooked thoroughly in order to lose the original green color. There is no raw taste and bitterness when eating. . You can't use cold water to simmer and mix, but you can't mix raw food with salt. The fried food should not be too sweet and tender, and should be fully heated to make it thoroughly cooked. This article URL: Green bean planting time and notes What are the nutritional value of green beans?
Preparation of Fenebute
1. Prepare the first intermediate
Benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate into ethanol, stir at room temperature under the catalysis of organic alkali reaction with filter cake filtration after 45 ~ 50 h, after the completion of the filter with ethanol elution filter cake, dry cake solids, then ethanol filtrate concentrated to a quarter of the original volume, to cold, concentrate filtering alcohol washing, solid, merging two solid is the first intermediate; The mole ratio of benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ethanol is 1:2.5 -3:12-15.
2. Prepare the second intermediate
The first intermediate is added to the mass concentration of 20% sodium hydroxide solution, and the reaction is stirred at 85-90°C for 2-5 hours. After filtration, the filter cake is used for filtration. After filtration, the filter cake is washed, the filtrate is combined and cooled, and the filtrate is cooled by stirring for 3h. Solid second intermediate; The mass ratio of the first intermediate to the sodium hydroxide solution is I: 1.8-2.0;
3. Prepare the third intermediate
The second intermediate was dissolved in pure acetic anhydride solution for reflux 3 ~ 5h. After the reflux, the acetic anhydride was concentrated and dissolved with toluene. After the dissolution, ammonia water was added, and the reaction took place at 60_65°C for 1 ~ 1.5 h. Filtrate, wash and dry the precipitated solid to get the solid third intermediate; The mass ratio of the second intermediate, pure acetic anhydride solution, toluene and ammonia water is 5:1-1.2:0.5-0.8:0.5-0.8;
4. Prepare Finebute
The third intermediate was dissolved in 25% sodium hydroxide solution and cooled to _5°C ~ 10°C. After cooling, sodium hypochlorite was added slowly within 15-20min for 1h reaction, followed by ice bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h and water bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h. Finally, the temperature was gradually increased to 60 ~ 80°C for 1-5 h, and the reaction was cooled again after completion. After cooling, hydrochloric acid was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 2, and the decolorization was stirred at room temperature. After filtration, sodium hydroxide was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 6-7, and the cooling was stirred for 2 hours. The mass ratio of the third intermediate, sodium hydroxide solution and sodium hypochlorite is 1.0:0.8-1.0:1.0-1.1.
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