Biogas power generation technology

Renewable energy is an important energy source for China's sustainable development. Biogas power generation is an important way to utilize renewable energy. Reasonable and effective use of this new type of energy can bring tremendous benefits to rural and agricultural development in China.

Gather many advantages in one

Biogas is a kind of flammable gas produced by microbial fermentation under certain conditions of temperature, humidity, pH and isolation from air. It was named after its discovery in the swamp. The main component of biogas is methane (CH4), in addition to carbon dioxide (about 30% to 40%). It is colorless, odorless, non-toxic, and has a density of about 55% of air. It is insoluble in water and flammable. The calorific value of 1 m biogas is 35,857 kJ.

Biogas technology is a technology that uses biochemical methods to treat livestock manure and industrial organic wastewater. Because of its low cost and good treatment effect, it has been widely used in practice. However, the simple use of biogas for centralized gas and heat supply has limited coverage and low reliability. Biogas is used as electricity generation fuel for on-site power generation. The amount of power generation is flexibly adjusted according to changes in biogas production, which can make full use of biogas. .

Biogas power generation technology is a new energy comprehensive utilization technology integrating environmental protection and energy saving. It utilizes a large amount of organic waste (such as distillers' grains, livestock excreta, municipal wastes, and sewage, etc.) in industrial, agricultural, or urban life. The biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation processes drives the biogas generators to generate electricity and can fully The waste heat of the generator set is used for the production of biogas. The overall thermal efficiency is about 80%, which is much higher than the general 30% to 40% of the power generation efficiency. The economic benefits are significant.

The biogas power generation technology itself provides clean energy, which not only solves the environmental problems in the biogas project, consumes a lot of waste, protects the environment, and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases, but also turns waste into treasure, resulting in a large amount of heat and electricity. , in line with the environmental protection concept of energy recycling, but also bring huge economic benefits.

Technology has matured

Biogas power generation is a systematic project that includes optimization of a number of unit technologies such as biogas production, biogas purification and storage, biogas power generation, and access to the Internet. Biogas power generation began in the early 1970s. The purpose of foreign countries is to rationally and efficiently use the biogas produced in the treatment of organic waste pollution. The research and application of biogas power generation in China also has many years of history. The biogas that is used is mostly produced in rural areas by the use of organic wastes such as plants and manure in anaerobic fermentation in biogas digesters. The gas volume is small, the engine power is also small, and the production of biogas is often affected by the climate, and the composition, calorific value, and gas production of biogas are all unstable. In recent years, with the construction of large and medium-sized biogas projects in various areas of agriculture, animal husbandry, and poultry farms, some engine factories have successively modified and produced larger-powered biogas engines and applied them to large and medium-sized biogas power generation projects in certain regions.

The power specifications of mature domestically produced biogas generators are mainly concentrated in the section of 24 to 600 kW. Judging from the gas production capacity of biogas projects, there are many biogas projects that are suitable for the construction of biogas generators with more than 500kW. From the gas production capacity of the biogas project and the nature of the electricity load, there is a large market for generator sets below 20 kW. For example, a 10,000-yard pig farm biogas project with a daily output of 80m3 of biogas is obviously not suitable for power generation and is only suitable for internal power consumption. The general purpose of biogas power is to drive the biogas project sewage pump, pig farm ventilator and lighting, etc. Therefore, a generator set of about 10kW should be equipped. Similar to many biogas projects, the demand for low-power biogas generators is also large.

Wide application prospects in rural areas

The resources available for biogas power generation in China are very rich. First of all, due to the influence of dietary structure, the number of live pigs in China has reached hundreds of millions of heads, and the amount of cattle, sheep, poultry, etc. is very large, and the total excrement of livestock and poultry is huge. At the same time, with the continuous development of industry, the amount of industrial organic wastewater discharged is also very alarming. If we consider the factors such as distillers liquor, urban landfills and biogas generated from sewage treatment, the potential of China's biogas resources will be further expanded, and the prospects for biogas power generation are very broad.

At the same time, China’s vast rural biomass resources are very abundant. To solve rural electrification, biogas power generation is a very important approach. However, the one-time investment costs for large and medium-sized biogas projects and biogas power generation projects are quite large, and the investment cost for biogas projects is about four times that of biogas power generation projects. Only when the application of biogas projects is promoted, continuous research is conducted to increase the gas production rate of the biogas pool, and biogas power generation projects are actively promoted and applied. Only in this way can the economic benefits be continuously improved, and the entire project can be realized while the social benefits remain as constant as possible. The one-time return on investment has greatly increased.

In addition, the overall thermal efficiency of biogas engine power generation and engine waste heat utilization is higher than that of any other thermal power plant or device. For biogas power generation, even for civilian use, electricity can be delivered to every household through a cable, and all home appliances can be electrified in advance, which is convenient and clean. Unfinished electricity can also be integrated into the power grid. This is the most scientific, rational and efficient way to use biogas energy.

Policies promote industrial development

At present, the number of biogas power generation projects in China is small, the installed capacity is small, and the development speed is relatively slow. The reasons are many, but the main reason is that the existing mechanisms seriously restrict the development of biogas power generation. First of all, China has not yet established a strict penalization system for environmental pollution. Excess emissions of poultry excrement and industrial organic waste do not need to pay for the environmental pollution caused by itself, causing companies to lack the incentive to invest in biogas projects to control pollution; At present, the construction scale of biogas power generation projects is generally small, the number of potential power stations is large, and the cost of power grid operation and management is relatively high, which belongs to typical distributed generation. At present, China lacks experience in the operation and management of large-scale distributed power plants, resulting in many difficulties in the connection and sale of power generated by biogas power generation.

The biogas power generation project is an energy saving and environmental protection project. The benefit is the whole society. Based on the existing problems in the current biogas power generation project, the project should be jointly funded by the government, local governments, and enterprises. For the emerging environmental protection projects that are still in their infancy, the state should provide certain support. For example, the government should formulate a series of preferential policies to reduce or exempt engineering taxes and reduce the burden on enterprises; the industry should broaden funding channels and help the construction parties get various types of loans. At the same time, it will increase publicity efforts to encourage all sectors of society to invest in development of biogas power generation projects in various forms, and use preferential policies to mobilize the enthusiasm of all investment entities.

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