In winter, it is the period of latent wintering of fruit and plant diseases and insect pests. The location is relatively fixed, which is a good time to kill pests and diseases and effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests in the coming year. To this end, the provincial plant protection station recently released the apple, pear and citrus pest control technology essentials. It is recommended that fruit farmers conduct winter prevention and control of the occurrence of different diseases and pests of the three fruit trees. First, clean up the orchard. The fruit grower can cut off the fruit and pests, diseased shoots, and diseased shoots of the fruit trees, and remove all orchard weeds and parasitic plants nearby. The litter, stiff fruit, and weeds should be cleaned and concentrated and burnt or burned. Second, deep turn the soil. After cleaning the orchard and before the soil is frozen, you can plunge 20-30 cm deep under the canopy around the fruit tree and pour deep water to change the environmental conditions of the soil and destroy the overwintering sites of pests. Citrus Orchards can be combined with deep turning and lime application to neutralize the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and kill larvae and earthworms, such as winter buds, fruit flies, and fruit flies in the soil. The pear orchards can be used to fertilize tree trays in autumn and winter. On the one hand, the wintering pests are turned out of the ground to allow birds to eat or freeze to death; on the other hand, the diseased leaves, stamens and insects hiding in the subtilis on the ground can be found. Deep underground, but not in the following year can not be successfully unearthed and suffocated. Third, scrape the bark. The apple orchard can use the period of dormancy of winter fruit trees and germination before early spring to scrape off the rough skin and chapped skin below the bifurcation of the fruit tree and eliminate the overwintering insect sources such as codling moth, red spider, and leaf roller moth and check them. Outbreaks such as apple tree rot disease, stem ring disease, dry rot disease and other branches. After the disease was found, the lesion was promptly scraped off, and the stems were smeared with 45% Schnenewen 100 times liquid or 843 recovery agent stock solution. When scraping the skin, it must not damage the xylem of fruit trees, and the scraped trees are taken out of the orchard and burned together. After shaving, apply white to the dried fruit branches. The pear grower can scrape off the old skin of the pear tree with a scraper or a file knife (be careful not to scratch the tender skin inside), thereby destroying the overwintering sites of pear insects such as pear caterpillars, pear caterpillars, whiteflies and red spiders. Elimination of most pests reduces the number of insect populations. At the same time, in combination with winter cutting, the branches, buds and stem branches of pests with hard moths, caterpillar eggs, etc. were cut off and concentrated. Branches painted white: In apple orchards and pear orchards, fruit growers can use white lime to whiten the main stems and branches of fruit trees after defoliating the fruit trees and before the soil is frozen. The whitening height is generally 60-80 cm. The proportion of whitening agent is generally: 10 parts of quicklime, 2 parts of lime sulfur, 2 parts of salt, 2 parts of clay and 40 parts of water. Stir thoroughly and evenly. In the early spring, it should be applied once again to prevent the occurrence of sunburn and frost damage in fruit trees. At the same time, the larvae of Plutella xylostella larvae, Pteroplasma sinensis, spider mites and other pathogens that can overwinter on tree stems can be eliminated. In the citrus orchard, the young trees are sowed before planting, and the main tree trunks are whitened and soiled. The tree trays cover the straw or plastic film to reduce the radiant heat radiation on the ground and prevent the occurrence of resinous diseases. (Whitener preparation: 30 kg of lime, 2-3 kg of sulfur powder, 0.5 kg of salt, a little vegetable oil, 100 kg of water). Fourth, spray medicine. In apple orchards and pear orchards, fruit growers can spray 1-2 times of 5% diesel emulsion or Baume 5 degree lime sulfur, which is good for wintering scale insects, red spiders, pear orchard, red spider, pear scab, etc. Effect. In the citrus orchard, the fruit grower can spray 1 Baume of lime or 50-100 times of oil emulsion once before harvesting and sprouting in February to kill the wintering mites and parts of the trees. Classes and some germs. For citrus trees that are seriously damaged by locusts, 40% of methicillin EC must be sprayed 800 times, or 10 times of rosin mixture. If it is found on the trunk or main branch with skirt rot, gum disease, the epidermis can be scraped clean to the xylem, 200 times liquid thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim coated wound disinfection, and then coated with tung oil to close the wound.
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