The appearance is tan, and the cork is red-brown at the flaking; there are intermittent stripes on the branches, nodules are enlarged, and the shape is like a bead. Most of the hard and delicate roots and fibrous roots are born, and some surfaces are smooth and smooth, such as stalks. It is commonly known as "crossing the river branches" or "crossing bridges"; there are brown scales on the upper part, and there are residual stems or petioles that have not been cleaned at the top. The quality is firm and hard, the section is irregular, the skin is dark brown, the wood is golden, the rays are cracked, the central pith is red and yellow, and occasionally hollow. Odorless, very bitter taste, chewing saliva can be dyed red and yellow. It is better to use fat, beaded, solid, red-yellow, no residual stems and fibrous roots.
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Transgenic rice alleviates allergic symptoms in mice
Allergies have caused many people to suffer. The results of seeking medical advice are often not ideal. A few days ago, Japanese scientists reported that they had found a new treatment. One day, people may be able to stay away from this annoying illness by eating a special bowl of genetically modified rice every day. Their research was published in the "National Academy of Sciences" published by the United States. Many Japanese people are allergic to cedar pollen. In response to this situation, Fumio Takaiwa of the National Institute of Agroclimatic Sciences of Japan led the team to reconstruct rice genes to produce cryptomeria pollen molecules. For four weeks, the researchers fed some experimental mice with this genetically modified rice that was allergic to cedar pollen. The researchers then contacted the mice with cedar pollen and found that mice allergic to the symptoms were greatly reduced, and they sneeze fewer times than mice fed ordinary rice. The researchers pointed out that this method is helpful for the development of allergy vaccines for humans. The new vaccines are simpler and less painful than existing vaccines. The current allergy immunotherapy is mainly to give patients repeated injections of a small amount of allergens to produce immunity in the body. However, this type of therapy may present a certain degree of risk, that is, a lifelong allergic reaction to the patient. Takaiwa et al. used a technique called peptide immunotherapy, which uses only a specific part of the allergen protein to produce a vaccine, which greatly reduces the likelihood of patients suffering from anaphylactic shock. Takaiwa also pointed out that since this new vaccine is in plant form, it means that they can be stored as seeds in long-term conditions at room temperature. According to a report from Reuters on the 1st, Japanese scientists discovered after experimenting with mice that an oral vaccine obtained using genetically modified rice can prevent allergy-producing immune reactions. The immune response to pollen was reduced in mice that consumed this vaccine, and the frequency of sneezing was much lower than that of the control group that did not consume the vaccine. The results of this research are published in the online edition of the Journal of the National Academy of Sciences. Immunotherapy, commonly known as anti-allergic needles, has long been one of the treatment options for certain allergic diseases. The main subject of the new study, Dr. Gao Yan, said that compared with anti-allergic needles, edible vaccine plants will have several advantages, the most obvious of which is that they will not cause pain. He and his colleagues developed their vaccine using certain allergenic protein particles found in Japanese cedar pollen, which is a common cause of hay pollen in Japan. They added the genetic material of these proteins to the rice genome to produce rice containing pollen proteins. Later, they asked a group of mice to eat this kind of vaccine rice every day, and let them contact Japanese cedar pollen for several weeks. The researchers found that compared with mice that did not eat this kind of rice, the former’s immune response to pollen was greatly reduced, not only the secretion of histamine (a chemical that causes hay fever symptoms) was reduced, but also sneezing was not so frequent. Dr. Gao Yan is a researcher at the National Institute of Agricultural and Biological Sciences in Japan. He said that he and his colleagues have developed vaccine-type rice suitable for humans and they are planning to undergo safety tests in the next few years.