The advantages and disadvantages of slow-release fertilizers

This year’s Central Document No. 1 mentioned “starting pilot projects for the use of high-efficiency slow-release fertilizers”, which provided a major opportunity for slow-release fertilizer development. Because of this, slow-release fertilizers have become a hot topic in the industry.

The most important characteristic of slow-release fertilizers is that they can control the release rate of nutrients and gradually decompose them after they are applied to the soil, gradually absorbing and utilizing the crops so that the nutrients in the fertilizer can meet different needs of the various growth stages of the crop. After one application, the fertilizer effect can be maintained. Months or even a year. Experimental studies have shown that slow-release fertilizers are at least 20 percentage points higher than conventional fertilizers, and can reduce the loss of fertilizer nutrients, especially nitrogen, in the soil, reduce environmental pollution, and help protect the ecological environment; , Save labor and costs; Avoid damage to seeds or seedlings caused by excessive fertilization; Help improve the quality of agricultural products and food safety. But everything is divided into two, slow-release fertilizer itself also has many deficiencies.

The nutrient release is difficult to be consistent with the law of fertilizer absorption in crops. The amount of nutrients absorbed by any crop, especially grains, vegetables, and fruits, is different at different stages of growth. Different crops need different fertilizer laws. However, with regard to the current slow-release fertilizer production technologies and processes, especially the constraints of the coating materials, it is difficult to produce nutrient release rates consistent with the sustained release of nutrients from crops, especially grains, vegetables and fruits. Fertilizers are basically released in the same amount, and there is also a problem that the release amount in the middle and early stages is relatively large and the release amount in the middle and later stages is small. This is also one of the main reasons why slow-release fertilizers are difficult to promote in large-scale production of major crops.

Fertility evaluation is relatively simple. At present, the evaluation of the fertilizer effect of slow-release fertilizers is basically based on conventional field comparison tests and production surveys, and the effect is still evaluated by routineness, that is, the comparison between input and output. Ecological benefits should be one of the most important benefits of slow-release fertilizers, which is also the most important factor in the development of slow-release fertilizers. However, it is difficult or impossible to test the nutrient release rate and nutrients of slow-release fertilizers by the current field test conditions and methods. In addition, the effects of natural environmental conditions on the nutrient release rate of slow-release fertilizers are numerous, which further increases the difficulty in the determination of nutrient release rate and fate of slow-release fertilizers. It is also the root cause of the lack of quantitative assessment of slow-release fertilizers for economic and environmental benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to further systematically and strictly evaluate the application of fertilizers in the field of slow-release fertilizers and their morphological transformation and fate in the soil, so that the nutrient release rate of slow-release fertilizers will be closer to that of crops and maximize the use of nutrients. The loss is minimized.

Lack of uniform standards. At present, there are no uniform standards for the controlled release properties of fertilizers in the world or between industries. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a standard test method for the sustained release performance of fertilizers to promote and ensure their industrialization quality. At the same time, fertilizer production technology and technology as well as on-line quality inspection technology have yet to be further improved to meet the needs of the industrialization of slow-release fertilizers.

The cost is too high. Farmers are users of slow-release fertilizers and are one of the most critical factors in the development of the slow-release fertilizer industry. Compared with conventional fertilizers, the production cost of slow-release fertilizers is 1-4 times higher, resulting in the fact that most of the fertilizers are only used in the production of flowers and lawns with high economic value, which limits its widespread use. Although the Central Document No. 1 explicitly mentions subsidies for the use of slow-release fertilizers, the most critical one is whether the state's financial resources can bear the burden of using subsidies on a large scale, and whether the state can subsidize long-term subsidies. Therefore, without solving the problem of excessively high prices of slow-release fertilizers, it is difficult to guarantee the sustainable development of the slow-release fertilizer industry by relying solely on state financial subsidies.

These issues not only require the government to formulate relevant supporting policies such as taxation and subsidies on the development and promotion of slow-release fertilizers, but also require the scientific research departments and production companies to address the deficiencies and problems of the current slow-release fertilizers, and step up scientific and technological public relations to solve them. Sustained-release fertilizer industry, sustainable development.

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