According to pear farmers, it is not difficult to grow pears, but management cannot be slack, especially diseases. If you neglect them, it will affect the yield and quality. Among them, there are more than 10 kinds of diseases, such as rust and black spot disease. The physiological diseases include yellow leaf disease, lobular disease and red leaf disease. Given years of experience and lessons learned, Liongong believes that early detection and timely prevention and control are very effective. When there are rust-like round spots on new tissues such as young leaves, shoots, and young fruits of pear trees, some of them show yellow hair-like beaks in the lesion ridges, and later the lesions gradually darken, and when the lesions are dense, the leaves are easy to grow. Early fall, this symptom is named pear rust. Some young shoots, new leaves, petioles, and young fruit appeared black or dark green lumps. Yellow positive patches appeared on the front of the leaves. Severe susceptible leaves had begun to fall off. This symptom was known as Scab. When there is more rain in the spring, these two types of diseases are easily induced. In order to prevent and cure pear rust and black spot disease in a timely manner, the first method is to remove the diseased leaves and diseased fruits, cut off the diseased branches, and bring them out of the pear orchard to be burned. The second is chemical control. For rust, one spray of 1:2 to 160-fold Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed once every 10 to 15 days for a total of 2 to 3 times. Two can spray 25% triadimefon 1000 to 1500 times liquid. For scab, one can spray 40% Xingxing agent 1000 times, two can spray 80% mancozeb WP 1000-1200 times, and three can spray 12.5% ​​diniconazole wettability Powder 2000 to 3000 times liquid. Four can be sprayed with lime sulfur in early spring. Physiological diseases of pear trees include yellow leaf disease, lobular disease, and leaf disease. Yellow leaf disease initially showed yellowing of the leaf chlorosis, which was smaller than normal leaves. The leaf meat near the veins was still green. The appearance of the leaves was like a reticular pattern. Symptoms appeared from the shoots of the new shoots at the time of onset. In severe cases, the entire leaf was present. Yellow-white, followed by brown spots on the edges of the leaves, and some of the pears with severe disease had some of the top buds of the shoots dead, and the whole leaf was gradually detached. The cause of yellow leaves is mainly due to the lack of introduction of iron elements in the soil, and the most outstanding performance is that the spring and autumn shoots are vigorously growing. If there is insufficient supply of iron, yellow leaves are most likely to occur, and the second is poorly drained soil. Vulnerable to disease. The prevention method can improve the facilities of the pear orchard water system so that energy can be discharged. Secondly, organic fertilizers can be added or green manures can be planted between pear trees. Third, 0.5% ferrous sulfate solution can be sprayed after pears germinate. . Red leaf disease occurs frequently in pear orchards in spring and summer, and some pear leaves and branches also appear red. This is the obvious feature of pears lacking phosphorus. When the supply of phosphorus is insufficient, the sugars produced by photosynthesis cannot be transported in time, and they accumulate in the leaves and turn into anthocyanins, which leaves the leaves red. For the prevention of red leaf disease, ammonium sulfate can be used to acidify the soil in the alkaline or calcium-containing pear orchard soil, and increase the phosphorus content in the soil; secondly, 0.2%~ can be applied after the new leaves of pear tree are developed. 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; three can be sprayed 1% superphosphate solution. The symptoms of lobular disease are that the new leaves are smaller than the normal pear leaves, the leaves are late, the leaves are light green, the new branches are short, and some small leaves cluster. Due to more lobular leaves, the flower buds of the whole plant are reduced, the flowers are small and light, and the fruit setting rate is very low, which affects both the yield and the quality. The lobular disease is mainly caused by the deficiency of trace element zinc fertilizer in the soil. When the pear tree is deficient in zinc, it will reduce the raw material of synthetic auxin indole acetic acid, cause the decrease of many enzyme activities, and affect the photosynthesis. Prevention methods: First, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; Second, increase the application of biofertilizer bioorganic fertilizer or bio-organic compound fertilizer on the results of the pear tree; Third, spray 0.3 on the eve of flowering pear trees. % zinc sulfate and 0.5% urea mixed solution twice.
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