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Autumn cucumber is a late-season vegetable harvest variety. It has high yield, short growth period, broad market sales, and considerable economic benefits. However, due to the high temperature and rainy season, the suitable growth period is short in the middle of the rain, so cultivation is difficult and susceptible to diseases and insect pests. Appropriate management measures such as temperature, light, moisture, and fertilizer are taken. According to the reproductive characteristics of cucumber, the main cultivation points are :
First, select good varieties According to the climate characteristics of the growth period of autumn cucumber, should choose heat-resistant, rubbish, disease resistance, high yield, strong growth potential varieties, such as Qiufeng, Jin Yan No. 7. Local regions can also choose local varieties suitable for autumn cultivation.
Second, timely sowing, nurturing strong seedlings cultivation methods can also live seedling transplanting. Generally, according to the cultivation season of cucumbers in the area, seedlings should be cultivated in a timely manner. Soaking and germination should be carried out first, that is, soaking in warm water of about 55° C. for 10-20 minutes. This process should be performed with small break and then cooled to 28° C.-30° C. for 5-6 hours. , germination at 28 °C, usually 15 hours out of Qi. The live broadcast can be used on-demand is appropriate, the first film, and then per line spacing of 5027 ~ 40 cm perforation, per hole sowing 2 to 3 seeds, covering the thickness of 1 to 2 cm, pouring water after pouring enough water.
The temperature control at the seedling stage must be well controlled. The growth period of cucumber requires a certain temperature difference between day and night. Normal daytime temperatures of 25°C to 30°C and nighttime temperatures of 13°C to 18°C ​​are conducive to inhibiting plant leggy and preventing flowering and Fruit falling. Generally, the sowing date of autumn cucumber is best selected in the middle or later of July and August. In this way, the fruiting period will be after mid-September and the temperature difference between day and night will gradually increase, which is conducive to the growth of cucumber and high yield.
Third, the colonization of the autumn cucumber should be selected in the fertile soil, fertilizer, water, drainage and irrigation convenient sandy loam soil. Because of its shallow roots, weak absorption capacity, rapid production, and many results, it is necessary to use sufficient basal fertilizer for planting fields. Generally, after the harvest of the previous crop, the soil shall be cultivated in a timely manner and the soil shall be cultivated in a timely manner. The soil preparation shall be used as a base fertilizer, and the decomposed pig manure shall be used as the base fertilizer, and the Mushi may be applied in an amount of 2500 to 3000 kg. The cultivated alfalfa is made into a well-drained sorghum plant with a length of 7 to 10 meters, a loquat spacing of 1.3 to 1.4 meters, a loquat base width of 70 to 75 centimeters, a loquat height of 10 to 12 centimeters, a gutter width of 60 to 65 centimeters, and double row planting. If the diaphragm can cover the mulch, the prevention of disease and the prevention of fleas will be better.
Fourth, field management should be based on the characteristics of different growth stages of cucumber, timely adoption of different fertilization, irrigation and cultivating measures, and promote the control of the regulation, so that balanced development of nutrient production and reproductive growth, extend the growth period, in order to obtain high yield. Mainly for:
1. Fertilizer management and cultivator: In the initial stage of sowing and transplanting, attention should be paid to water management to ensure emergence or survival. The seedlings shall be seeded and seedlings shall be supplemented by the seedlings of the live broadcasting method. When 3 to 4 true leaves are selected, one seedling will be planted in each litter. Found that lack of nest line breaks should be promptly make up to ensure that the whole seedlings. After setting seedlings, topdressing 15 ~ 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre; pumping vines, flowering results of heavy application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 20 ~ 25 kg per mu, pay attention to harvest once should be applied once, you can spray 0.1 ~ 0.2% of dihydrogen phosphate Potassium or compound fertilizer solution. In addition to fertilizing, we must pay attention to watering to promote growth. Before and after root harvesting, watering should be controlled, combined with weeding, shallow ploughing, and drainage. Into the melon period, generally every 3 to 4 days poured 1 times water; into the late melon period, the number of watering reduced accordingly.
2. Braces, tied vines, and pruning: The scaffolds were carried out after pumping vines. Long bamboo shoots or branches with a length of 2 meters or more were used to tie the vines. When the pruning retains the main vine, side vines 1-2 pieces of melon after topping and pay attention to knock down the old leaves, yellow leaves.
3. Pest control: Implement the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control" and use agricultural prevention, physical prevention, chemical prevention and ecological control methods to eliminate the root causes of pests and diseases and prevent the spread. The main diseases of autumn cucumber are downy mildew, epidemic disease, and bacterial angular spot disease. The prevention method is to use a broad-spectrum fungicide to spray once every 7 to 10 days and continuously spray 3 times when the disease is prone to occur. If the disease has already occurred, DuPont Cocoa, 58% metalaxyl and other agents can be used for continuous control of 3 to 4 times. Insect pests mainly include aphids, red spiders, and thrips, which can be controlled by 10% imidacloprid and 40% chlorpyrifos. Cucumber can not spray any pesticide after picking.
4. Picking at the right time: The first batch of melons at the base of the plant should be harvested early, which will help the plant enter the reproductive growth period. When entering the prosperous growth period, tender melons should be picked as much as possible. Generally, they should be picked when the length and the maximum limit are specific to the variety. This will ensure the quality and increase the output, and the sale price will be good. When the local early frost is approaching, the cucumber grows slowly and should be harvested 1 to 2 days later than the reproductive growth period.
Autumn cucumber cultivation techniques
Cucumber cultivation mouth more, simply divided into spring greenhouses, spring exposed, summer and autumn exposed, autumn greenhouse, autumn and winter greenhouse, overwintering greenhouse, winter and spring greenhouse. The specific time of planting and planting depends on the local climate conditions and protection facilities. In areas without frost, cucumbers can be cultivated throughout the year. Here mainly introduces the cultivation techniques of autumn cucumber.