Grape bonsai production technology
The use of cuttings, layering method to design the grape into a curved dragon shape, flower basket shape, fan-shaped bonsai shape, can be used for viewing, but also taste delicious green fruit. In 2003, our center used super-premature potted grape new varieties in early spring layering to carry out field planting cultivation. When the ear turns red in late June, it is sold by flower shops in cities like Jinan and Shijiazhuang. Each pot sells for 30-40 yuan. However, the comprehensive cost is only about 3 yuan, and the benefits are particularly good. The production technology of instant bonsai grapes is introduced to the readers, especially those who are engaged in grape cultivation and are not very efficient. They hope to be helpful. First, choose soil selection. Grapes can adapt to all types of soil except heavy saline-alkali soil. The soil must be ploughed deeper and more organic fertilizer is applied to improve soil fertility. Grape varieties should be selected for potted early maturing fruit varieties. After 2 years of trial screening, we believe that the “Te Zao Hong†grape varieties cultivated by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences are suitable for potting purposes. The species has a purple-red skin, is a high-glucose type, and has a strong rose aroma. In early spring, pressure bowls can be colored in the middle and early June of that year. Second, exposed cuttings. In the late March in the south and in the middle of April in the north, cuttings can be carried out. When cutting, the cuttings should be slightly tilted and fully inserted into the soil. The upper buds should be 1 cm from the soil surface. In the rainy regions of the south, the buds can also reveal the soil surface. Grapes move north and south with a spacing of 17-20 centimeters and a row spacing of 130-150 centimeters. Third, field management. After the cuttings sprouted, one main vine per plant was grown, and the other auxiliary shoots were all destroyed. When the height of seedlings is 30 centimeters, in order to prevent lodging, drawing must be done and the seedlings must be evenly tied to the wire. Seedling height 80 cm. Pick up the main vine. After topping, the upper four shoots were left to grow, and each side shoot grew five leaves and then picked up. After entering the month of June, a 200-fold Bordeaux fluid was sprayed every 15 days. After germination of the grapes, in addition to the inability to use drugs within 10 days of the flowering period, low doses of high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides should be sprayed every 10 days. After falling leaves in winter, open a deep ditch with a width of 30 cm in the middle of the row, and then apply the pond mud, cake fertilizer and farmyard fertilizer to seal the soil. Fourth, pressure basin plastic surgery. The best choice for pots is ceramic pots with a diameter of 35-50 cm and a good permeability to water. Pots should be rich in humus and organic fertilizers. Before the sprouting of the grapes in the spring, the pots were buried in the soil along a distance of about 35 cm, and the surface of the pots was slightly lower than that of the soil. The shoots with full shoots and fruitful ability were gently pulled down (grown by no less than 80 cm) and pressed into pots, filled with soil and compacted. Put 4-5 full shoots on the potted soil, then insert a 120 cm long rod and tie the vines on it. After sprouting for 20 days, the vines in the pots should be girdled to promote their early rooting and rooting. The site of girdling was in the basin close to the end of the root of the plant. The girdling length was 2 cm and the cortex was completely stripped. After the cutting results, 5 leaves were picked up above the ear to make the plants below 120 cm. Leave 4-6 ears per pot. Before flowering, half of the fruit was removed from each ear to ensure that the ears were uniform and the fruit was uniform. Fifth, fertilizer and water management. After the grapes have sprouted, they should be watered immediately. In order to make the pot root system developed, we must always keep the potted soil moist. If the weather is dry, pour water once every 4-6 days. After watering, the pot surface should be covered with wheat bran or straw moisture. After the grapes fall, it is necessary to combine watering and chase the nitrogen, phosphorus and compound fertilizer with 3-5% concentration in the basin every 15 days. Sixth, cut basins for sale. It usually takes 60-70 days for the grapes to bloom from buds to berry enlargement. At this time, the roots of the pots are very developed, and the pots can be cut at this time. Five days before cutting the pot, spray 2-3% of the ash leaching solution on the leaves twice. One day before cutting the pot, some young shoots should be destroyed to reduce water transpiration. The cutting basin should be done after dripping in the evening. The method is to use a pair of scissors to cut the branches near the roots of the plants outside the pot, and stay alive for a few days. When the branches and leaves of grapes are not wilted during the noonday, they can be sold on the market.