Early-season sesame super high yield cultivation techniques
The use of peas, canola, barley and other early crops to grow sesame seeds has a certain area in our district, which is a major advantage in sesame production. However, in management, a set of management methods for summer sesame seeds are still being used, so that the potential advantages of early oyster sesame seeds cannot be fully utilized and the output is not very satisfactory. In order to give full play to its potential for yield increase, in 1999, under the guidance of the Sesame Research Center of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, we conducted a research on cultivation techniques of super high yield sesame in early-season pods in 10 acres of canola fields contracted by Zhao Jinzhu in Fangpo Village, Heilongji Township. In the whole growing period of sesame, the problems of drought, uneven seedlings, etc. were encountered. As a result of the contingency measures, the yield per mu still reached 154.3 kg. Our specific approach is: First, select high-quality, strong growth of the fine varieties of fine varieties is the basis for early high yield of sesame, in the selection of species should pay attention to plant tall, strong growth potential, fast and fast and more, drought-resistant Waterlogging resistance, good resistance to disease D15 and hybrid Yuzhi No.9. Second, pre-sowing operations should be timely after the harvest, soil preparation, acres of application of superphosphate 75kg, potassium sulfate 30-40kg, urea 20-25kg, silicon 30-40kg, boron, zinc, manganese lkg. In order to prevent and control underground pests, 5% phorate granules 1.5kg or 10% phosphine granules 800g are used for land preparation, and 15-20kg of dry soil is fined. After plowing at the surface, plows are plowed and plowed. On the acre evacuation lime 20-25kg or copper sulfate 3-4kg, then smashing 3-5 times, to achieve the upper Xuanxia after the field from the pimple, the main pimple height 80cm, ditch depth 2lcm or so, and use small pebbles to suppress. Third, timely sowing according to the "spring sesame sowing late, summer sesame sowing earlier, early sesame seeding should be moderate" principle and the production practices over the years planted, early pod sesame suitable sowing date selection in May 10-15, over As early as the seedlings are difficult, the ground temperature is low, the growth is slow, the pests and diseases are easy to occur, and the purpose of early death is too late. 4. After the seeding method and filming date are determined, the sesame seeds are first soaked in warm water at 50°C for 10 minutes, continuously agitated, and soaked for 2 hours until the water temperature drops to about 35°C. Germination, when the buds are bare, they are placed in 0.28% water-retaining gel + 0.1% of 50% carbendazim powder or 0.1% of seed dressing 3 + 0.1% of 50% methamidophos + 0.02% Drought agent No. 1 was added into the fluid sowing solution, sowed with three rows of fluid seeder, spacing 30cm, covering the soil 2 - 2.5cm, with a 90cm wide plastic film covering the seal. Such as the use of ordinary pods sowing, can not soak germinated sowing seeds sowing, after sowing first rake flat sulcus, with a sprinkler spray water again cover the film, to ensure that the whole seedling sowing. Five, break hole, seal hole, replanting and replanting seedlings and stable seedlings 4-5 days after sowing, general drill for one week, to break the membrane and help the seedlings hole, hole spacing from 20-22cm, a one-time germination of the broken ridge Replant, 2-3 true leaves when the seedlings, seedlings to ensure the retention of 10,000 seedlings, lack of seedlings no more than 30cm, can be left at the head of the two plantlets, more than 40cm, to transplant seedlings to replant, until the helper After exiting the hole, it is necessary to carry out 2-3 times of continuous sealing (including sealing surface breakage) to facilitate heat preservation, moisturizing, and temperature-increasing weeding. Sixth, the management before budding 30-35 days after emergence, in order to prevent pests and diseases, the whole field leaf spray 50% carbendazim 800 times plus 40% omethoate or more than 44% insect clear liquid 150-200ml 1 -2 times; spray 100-15010-6 paclobutrazol 1-2 times. At the same time repair the "five ditch" linking irrigation and drainage projects; and in conjunction with the loose soil in the ditch, acres of topdressing urea 7.5kg, covering the bottom of the wheat straw or wheat straw 3-5cm thick. 7. Flowering to final flowering management This period of time is a crucial period for seizing high yields of sesame. In order to obtain sufficient number of grains, grains, and grain weight, this period must be carried out well: l. Top dressing: about 1 week after flowering. Mu irrigation topdressing urea 10kg, followed by 15 days Mu topdressing urea 7.5kg + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg. 2. Drought prevention: When drought occurs, it is necessary to feed water in time along the ditch, and avoid water accumulation in the field during irrigation. When the temperature is high and the atmosphere is dry, in order to prolong the life of the anthers, 50-150 kg of fresh water shall be sprayed between the sesame seeds before 10 am and after 5 pm, and sprayed continuously for 3-5 days. 3. Chemical control: After 5 to 7 days of bud emergence or 5 to 7 cm of stem daily growth, the mu should be sprayed with 10-15 ml of 20% salicylamine and 40 kg of water. 4. Pest control: every 1 week after budding, regardless of pests or diseases, 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times solution + 40% omethoate 200ml, virus A or antiviral 2000 times solution + 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 75% thiophanate or 70% diethyl aluminum phosphate + 44% insecticide and other formulations alternately used until after the final flower. 5. Promotion measures to increase budding, increase flower growth and increase growth: In addition to promptly applying small topping at the beginning of August, the buds should be sprayed once every 5 days and the farmer's liquid fertilizer, high-yielding treasure, TA production powder, photosynthetic bacteria solution, and rooting powder , Cytokines, drought-resistant agents, sesame leaf fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other nutrients alternately used. VIII. The 70% production components of sesame from the final flowering period to pre-harvest period are all formed at this stage. Maximizing the length of this period of birth is the key to the success of super-high yield. This period is mainly based on roots and leaves, except for the maintenance. In addition to moderate moisture in the field soil, it is also timely to spray fulvic acid 4000 times solution or 1% urea solution and low concentration of other trace elements to ensure that there are still 2-3 green leaves in the sesame harvest period. Slowly to normal color. Nine, timely harvest sesame should be properly received when the late harvest, the lower part of the plant when the pod microcracking income, and the sun will be tied with a small basket, rebound threshing, ensuring high yield bumper harvest. In short, the sesame super-high yield cultivation technology is closely linked, and on the basis of doing a good job of management, it strongly promotes a high degree of coordination among varieties, environment, land, and cultivation elements, ensuring that the number of high-quality pods per mu reaches 900,000 to 1,200,000, and the number of grains per grain is high. In 68-74 capsules, 1000-grain weight exceeded 3.5g, achieving more than 150kg per mu.