Tea tree heartless cutting technique
At present, the asexual propagation of tea plants mainly adopts short panicle cutting methods for covering the soil and soil. Although this technology can effectively reduce the disease and damage caused by the breeding process, due to its large workload and high input costs, it greatly restricts the breeding and promotion of improved tea varieties. In recent years, we have proposed a simple, reliable, labor-saving, and material-saving cuttingless soil cutting technology through large-scale tests. The technology requires only 300 yuan for the production cost per acre of land preparation. It is more than just a traditional shop. Soil should save costs, and the survival rate of cuttings can reach about 85%, which has greater promotion value. First, the preparation of the cutting nursery 1. Select the plot nursery to be near water, loose soil, flat terrain, easy irrigation and drainage. 2. The planning of the residential area shall be based on local conditions. According to the natural fall of the plot, the plot shall be divided. Each plot shall be provided with an irrigation and drainage ditch with a width of 60cm and a depth of 40cm. The length is generally 10-15m, and the east-west direction is appropriate. The width is 1m, and the operating groove between the bowl and the bowl is 40cm. 3. Establishment of the seedbed After laying a good line around the surface, excavate. First dig 10cm of topsoil, shovel all the topsoil and set it aside, and then dig 10cm of the bottom soil to place the other side. Backfill all topsoil and level it, mix the prepared insecticide, fungicide and basal fertilizer well and spread evenly on topsoil (carbofuran 8g, thiophanate methyl 1.5g, cake fertilizer 450g/m2). Then, backfill the subsoil with topsoil, smooth it, and compact it. 4, furrow irrigation seedlings after the completion of continuous furrow irrigation in order to kill the eggs, so that the full penetration of the fungicide soil, cake fat fully cooked. This process takes about 20 days. Second, the establishment of shading facilities According to the practical effect of the past two years, the shading effect of 1.8m high flat is best. The establishment of a high flat shed, with each cell as a unit, was carried out to lay the piles, with a horizontal spacing of 6-8 m and a vertical length. Approximately 25 piles per acre are needed, and bamboos can be used. The length is generally 2.5m and the depth is 50cm. Each pile should be tamped with stones and mud. After burying the pile, fix the pile with 12# wire and place a shade net on the wire. Third, cutting 1. The strips must be stout semi-lignified red-brown twigs, and the cut twigs should be taken in the morning and the branches should be cut immediately after they are cut back. Cutting length, generally 3.3-4.0cm is good, cut a section of a festival section (a leaf a bud), the festival can be used to cut two short cuts, the lower end of the blade cut off, leaving the top of a blade, the upper edge of the blade The cut pile should not be too short, generally 3-4mm. Cut outwards at the upper end to avoid watery mildew, and the lower cuts are cut into horseshoe shapes. 2. 1 - 2h of water before cutting and cutting will be drenched and then dash. General lobular varieties spacing 7-10cm. After rowing on the surface, the herbicide was first sprayed with 170 kg of herbicide butachlor 55kg per acre, and then cutting was carried out. The cutting distance was not covered by the cuttings and the soil was not seen after plugging. After inserting, press with your fingers slightly between the spikes. The angle of insertion is generally 35-45 degrees between the blade and the ground. The blade should not be tiled on the ground, otherwise it will affect the breathing of the leaves. After plugging in, the carbendazim 1000 times solution was used for sterilization, and the effect of cleaning the leaves and fixing the cuttings was improved. Finally, a bamboo arch (2.2m in length) is placed on the pole. The height of the center from the ground shall not be less than 50cm. The bamboo arch shall be covered with a thin film and compacted with soil around it to form a small shed. This will keep the water warm and moist, which will help the healing of the cuttings take root. Fourth, nursery management 1. After the water management is inserted, it should be timely irrigation, furrow irrigation about 20h. The usual water management should be based on the soil moisture, generally keep the topsoil moist, and the soil below one inch can be smashed into strips but not sticky. If the topsoil is loose, it needs to be furrowed in time. 2. Temperature Management Generally, the tea plantation in the north of the Yangtze River adopts autumn cuttings (from August 20th to October 20th). During this time, it is still relatively high during the day and covered with a film. The daytime temperature in the small arch shed is 28-34°C. Above 42°C, if the temperature exceeds 42°C, the blade will be burned. Therefore, it is necessary to ventilate and cool the film (open the film on both ends). After the temperature rises in the spring of the second year (generally in late March), it is necessary to observe the temperature change and adjust it in time. 3. Pick buds summer and autumn cuttings, buds, must be promptly removed. When dissecting flower buds, use anatomical scissors or pointed scissors to prevent damage to the buds and shaking. Picking buds can be done simultaneously with ventilation or spraying. 4. Fertilization is usually carried out in late April. With the gradual increase in temperature, a large number of new roots are continuously produced, and a large number of tea buds are also germinated. This requires a lot of fertilizer and water. After mid-May, 85-95% of cuttings can be peeled off after rooting, the first time with 0.5% urea solution for foliar spray; the second time with 1% urea plus spray Po Foliar spray (interval 7-10 days); sprayed with 2% urea plus spray. After mid-June, along with the gradual growth of cutting seedlings and increased resistance, organic fertilizers can be applied mainly by using 1 part of cake fertilizer and 10 parts of water and putting it into the pool to fully decompose it (about 20 days). ) Then, take 1 part of cake water and add 10 parts of water, water it with a watering can and apply it once every 15~20 days. This year the seedling height is generally up to 50-70cm. 5. After the hardening seedlings entered in August, the temperature gradually decreased, and the shade net above the high shed was gradually removed. In the Dabie Mountains, it is often half cloudy, and you can seize this opportunity to start hardening. 6. Pest control due to cuttings and seedlings needs heat preservation and moisturizing, which causes many diseases and insect pests to multiply at high temperature and high humidity conditions. Observe that the loss of disease is far greater than the pest. The main diseases are tea bud blight, red leaf spot, root rot, brown leaf spot, root cancer, leaf blight, anthracnose, etc. The main pests are: small green leafhopper, green leafhopper, tea leaf line.螨, tea caterpillars, tea worms, tea leaf roller moth and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly observe the occurrence and change of pests and diseases in the shed and timely control. The main diseases in the autumn and winter seasons are tea leaf blight, anthracnose, brown leaf spot, etc. It can be sprayed with chlorothalonil 800 times solution or carbendazim 1000 times solution; bud blight and root rot in spring. Anthrax and other diseases can be sprayed with 70% Thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold or 50% carbendazim-800-fold.