[Composition]
The main component of this
preparation is human immunoglobulin, which is prepared by cold ethanol
fractionation of human plasma from healthy donors. The manufacturing process
contains a step to remove anticomplementary activity and a dual viral
inactivation process. It contains a suitable amount of glucose or maltose as
stabilizer (see table below), but does not contain any antiseptic or
antibiotic. The distribution of IgG subclasses is close to the serum level of
normal subjects and maintains the bioactivity of Fc fragment of IgG.
[Indications]
1. Primary
agammaglobulinemia, such as X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia,
common variant immunodeficiency diseases, immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency,
etc.
2. Secondary
immunoglobulin deficiency diseases, such as severe infection, septicemia of
newborn, etc
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The temperature, humidity, and moisture-to-moisture index cows are cold-resistant and high-temperature animals. The suitable temperature for dairy cows is 10°C~20°C. Under this temperature condition, the heat exchange of dairy cows is in equilibrium. In summer, high temperature and high humidity lead to imbalance in body balance and systemic reactions. This phenomenon is called heat stress. When the average temperature is above 25°C, the feed intake, milk production, and daily gain of the cow are all significantly reduced; the feed intake at 40°C is 60% lower than that at 10°C~20°C; the relative humidity of 50% to 60% is suitable. With the production performance of dairy cows, high humidity is not conducive to thermal regulation. Using the temperature and humidity in the meteorological elements to comprehensively characterize the index of animal comfort in the meteorological environment is the temperature and humidity index. When the temperature and humidity index (THI) was 22 to 26, mild heat stress, 27 to 31 moderate heat stress, 32 to 37 severe heat stress, and THI ≥ 38 cows faced death threats.
THI=t-0.55(1-f)(t-14.47), where t is the temperature (°C) and f is the relative humidity (%). We have used the meteorological data of Hebei Hengshui area to measure the temperature and humidity index. The results showed that the temperature, humidity, and humidity indexes of the three months of June, July and August were in the range of moderate or severe heat stress. In mid-southern Hebei, the general year should begin in late May to prepare cows for heat stress, and heat stress measures should be started in early June.
Anti-heat stress measures Use cooling facilities to increase air circulation in the barn. For semi-hermetic cowsheds, doors and windows and windscreens should be opened to increase ventilation. For open cowsheds, ventilation facilities or electric fans can be installed if conditions permit, which can reduce the indoor temperature by 2°C~3°C and accelerate the heat dissipation of the cattle body.
Install mist spray facilities. Spray the cow's head and bosom with cold water mist to reduce the temperature of the bovine body, but it should be noted that the water spray should generally be carried out in the mid-day when it is hot. The time should not be too long and the frequency should not be too frequent, otherwise it will lead to humidity inside the house. Large, causing cows to heat difficult. Normally, the cowshed should be kept dry and free of water. The relative humidity should be kept below 80%.
Improve the feeding method Adjust the feeding time and feed early or late (before 7 o'clock in the morning or after 9 o'clock in the evening).
Appropriately increase feeding times and increase night feeding. It is recommended that the amount of feed should account for more than 60% of the ration in the evening in the summer. This can compensate for the lack of feed intake due to high temperature anorexia.
Improve dietary nutrient concentration and adjust the composition of feed ingredients. In order to reduce the dry matter intake of dairy cows, it is important to increase nutrient intake as much as possible so as not to reduce nutrient intake. This includes two aspects. The first is to adjust the rough ratio in the diet, that is, to increase the ratio of concentrates and to reduce the amount of coarse feed. This is not only because of the poor palatability of roughage relative to concentrate feed, and its low nutrient concentration, but also the fact that roughage produces more heat and consumes more during the digestion and metabolism process, leading to more heat dissipation. However, it should be noted that the maximum proportion of concentrate should generally not exceed 60%. The second is to adjust the feed ingredients for the diet, reduce the amount of general feed, increase the quality of feed such as whole-grain cotton, soybeans, high-quality herbage, whole plant silage, etc., pre-lactating and high-yielding dairy cattle diets should also add fatty acids, calcium, amino acids, etc. Rumen feed varieties.
Rumen buffer is used. Due to the increase in the proportion of concentrates in summer diets, diets should be supplemented with 0.75% to 1.5% sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or 0.35% to 0.4% magnesium oxide, which is beneficial to the rumen Digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Add heat stress relief substances. Although the content of potassium, sodium, and magnesium in feeds is relatively abundant, due to increased sweating of dairy cows, diets generally cannot meet the needs of dairy cows at this time, and additional potassium, sodium, and magnesium are needed in the diet. In order to balance the balance of cation and anion produced in dairy cows' diets, 30 grams to 50 grams of potassium carbonate, 60 grams to 100 grams of magnesium sulfate, and 120 grams to 160 grams of salt can be added to each cow diet.
Since heat stress increases the consumption of vitamin A in dairy cows, the amount of vitamin A in the diet should be doubled in summer.
Ensure clean drinking water contains more than 87% of water in milk, cow milk requires about 4 kg of water per kilogram of milk produced, so water is extremely important for dairy cows. The amount of drinking water of dairy cows is related to the amount of milk and temperature, and insufficient drinking water will directly affect milk production. In the summer, the amount of water consumed by lactating cows can be 3 to 5 times the amount of lactation. Always clean the sink, regularly sterilize, replace drinking water, keep it fresh and cool, and let the cows drink freely. This will not only ensure the milk yield, but also increase the amount of milk steak to be drained, taking away excess calories from the body and maintaining normal body temperature.
Strengthen health management and disinfection More mosquitoes and flies in the summer, not only interfere with the rest of dairy cows, affect the milk production of dairy cows, but also easily transmit diseases. Aerosol insecticides can be used to periodically spray the cattle body and its surroundings to eliminate mosquitoes and flies.
To remove excrement in time, keep the barn and playground clean and dry. Disinfect once a week with 5% of suzhou children or 2% caustic soda solution, you can also often disinfect the cowshed with lime powder to deodorize and dehumidify and reduce the occurrence of summer diseases.
Dairy Feeding Considerations in Summer
The high temperature and humidity in the summer, and the comfort level of the high temperature and humidity index cows are poor, resulting in reduced appetite, lack of energy, and decreased milk production. Strengthening feeding and management can reduce the degree of heat stress and maintain the stable and high yield of dairy cows in the summer.