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Research institutions and biotechnology companies
A team of researchers from University College London (UCL) announced their development of a small molecule protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor CRT0059359 before clinical trials. This drug target is a key part of the chemical signaling pathway that is disrupted in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer, and is a complex process of cell division and apoptosis.
Research leader Lloyd Kelland said: "We believe that this is an effective PKD inhibitor. Our research using this molecule confirms that PKD can be used as an anti-cancer target."
To find a potent PKD inhibitor, the researchers first screened 65,000 molecules to determine if any of them could block the function of the protein. Promising molecules were subsequently refined, and CRT0059359 became the only result. Lloyd Kelland said: "We are improving the chemical structure of CRT0059359 to improve its bioavailability and efficacy."
A team at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York has found that the herpes virus is deadly to the tumor (the researchers are not fully aware of the cause), and genetically modified, the herpes virus does not affect normal cells. Have a detrimental effect.
Herpes viruses are usually naturally attracted to nerve cells, and tumors, especially prostate cancer, head and neck cancer, and pancreatic cancer, often spread from here, and if the cancer cells are surgically removed, the nerves are injured. Ziv Gil, a researcher at the center, said that cancer cell invasion along the nerve is usually the cause of poor results after the patient receives treatment. Even if the treatment is successful, the patient will still face terrible consequences. Naturally attracted to the virus on the nerve cells for dressing, it can play an effective therapeutic role, specifically used to kill cancer cells and prevent healthy nerves from being harmed. Currently, the herpesvirus NV1023 is in Phase I clinical trials.
At the same time, Canadian biotechnology company Arius Research Inc. praised the anti-cancer monoclonal antibody AR36A36.11.1, which has been developed with its singularity. Tumors often evade the "cracking" of the immune system. One of the methods they take is to generate large amounts of CD59, thereby preventing certain immune system components from building up outside the tumor cells. The AR36A36.11.1, by entangled the CD59, prevents it from functioning and effectively strips them. Maldwin Mak, a researcher at Arius Research, said: "We can destroy cancer cells and prevent the immune system from opening the attack gap on its cell membrane."
It is expected that AR36A36.11.1 will enter the clinical trial phase for humans for the first time. To date, AR36A36.11.1 has been effective in the treatment of prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and breast cancer. The results of an effective treatment for breast cancer are particularly encouraging, as there are only a handful of antibody drugs that can be treated to date for breast cancer, and Herceptin is currently the only therapeutic antibody approved for the treatment of breast cancer.
In addition to AR36A36.11.1, Arius is also developing preclinical development against Trop-2 mAb. This protein is present on the cell surface and is believed to be an important component of the highly studied mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.
Micromet, a biotech company in Munich, Germany, presented a drug developed at the conference that not only binds to the activated receptor CD3 on the surface of killer T cells, but also binds to the surface of skin cancer. A protein MCSP (melanin-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan) injects deadly killer proteins into tumor cells.
Large pharmaceutical company
Like research institutes and biotech companies, large pharmaceutical companies also attended the conference to showcase their research. GlaxoSmithKline has published research data on the novel small molecule drug GSK923295A, which is currently in Phase I trial and was developed in collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline and Cytokinetics.
GSK923295A inhibits mitotic centromere-associated kinesin E (CENP-E), which is essential for mitosis. Through this process, cells replicate their genetic information to generate two identical daughter cells. David Sutton, who is in charge of the study, explained that although CENP-E is expressed in all dividing cells, GSK923925A is more likely to have an effect on rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Thallion Pharmaceuticals of Canada also announced its dual-effect anticancer drug ECO-4601, and obtained good results from Phase I and Phase II trials. First, ECO-4601 can inhibit the RAS/MAPK intracellular signaling pathway that is mutated in many kinds of cancers, and is expected to be one of several approved anticancer drugs; however, it is believed that the drug can directly inhibit RAS. Make it different from other anticancer drugs. Secondly, ECO-4601 can also be attached to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). In many cancers, PBR is overexpressed, which may cause the drug to accumulate in tumor cells. Thus, the RAS/MAPK pathway is inhibited in a more efficient manner.
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Anti-cancer drugs waiting for breakthrough
The five-day AACR-NCI-EORTC Cancer Conference ended in San Francisco, California, and the "Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapy" event attracted thousands of scientists and clinicians. Researchers are taking advantage of all the tools from small molecules to new antibodies by using the virus and gene therapy that phagocytizes tumors as "ammunition" to overcome cancer. However, from the perspective of the pharmaceutical industry itself, only a small percentage of the drugs discussed at the meeting are truly innovative products.