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First, the choice of seedbed
1. Choose to shelter from the sun, convenient transportation, build a shed near the water source;
2. The construction of the shed requires a flat terrain, a low groundwater level, and a rapid rise in ground temperature;
3. Isolate from poultry and livestock;
4. It is not advisable to build sheds in the vegetable plots or diseased fields where the tuyere, foothills, and groundwater levels are high.
Second, the selection of seedling sheds and nutrition pools can be selected according to the actual situation of plastic greenhouses or conventional small shed way flue-cured tobacco floating seedlings.
1. Shed nursery. Multiple farmers can build a shed together. The specifications for general sheds are: 3.5 to 6 meters wide, 2.5 meters high, 20 to 30 meters long or longer (depending on the area of ​​the planted tobacco). It is advisable to go north-south. Shed film should be PVC-free (with a thickness of 0.10.02mm, about 2 meters). Using other membrane arches, it is easy to cause drops of water on the membrane. The seeds are washed off and the seedlings die, resulting in insufficient seedlings. . The shed can accommodate more than two nutritional pools. The materials used for scaffolding should be adapted to local conditions. Generally, bamboo and wood structures are used. Fixed doors must be provided at both ends. First, it is convenient for people to enter and exit the management. Second, ventilation and ventilation can be used. Each shed can be set according to the area of ​​the planted tobacco.
2. The structure of the nutrition pool. The nutrition pool can be made of brick pools or wood-based wooden cabinets. Generally, the length of the nutrition field is 2.05 to 2.55 meters, 1.05 meters wide, and 0.15 meters deep, depending on the seedling trays. The interior is covered with double-layer polyethylene film to prevent leakage and heat insulation. In order to prevent underground pests from biting and breaking the membrane to cause water leakage, a suitable amount of long-acting insecticidal pesticide, such as Huandan, can be uniformly spread before spreading. In order to maintain the temperature in the nutrition pool, a layer of straw about 10 cm thick can be evenly spread under the pool, and 5-6 cm thick fine sand can be spread on the straw. Then, the pool can be set up to form a membrane, which is conducive to raising the temperature of the nutrition pool; After the nutrient pool is in place, check for leaks. If any leaks occur, replace the membrane with water.
Third, choose seedling trays and substrates
1. Seedling tray. The seedling tray is preferably made of polyethylstyrene foam. The disc is light in texture, and the moisture-absorbing substrate and the tobacco seedlings can float on the water surface, and are resistant to blisters, corrosion resistance, and have a certain mechanical strength. Generally, 3 to 5 are available. Years can save farmers money.
2. Nursery substrate. Seedling substrate is the key raw material for floating seedlings. The quality of the substrate is directly related to the quality and quantity of the seedlings. Therefore, the conditions are best formulated by the provincial or municipal companies or county companies. For example, the tobacco production area in Fujian is divided into cities and regions. The company unified preparation and allocation, Jiangxi Shicheng County tobacco company unified preparation and supply, which will help ensure the quality of the matrix. Unconditional tobacco farmers should use carbonized chaff or peat (humic acid), coal cinder, and expanded perlite as raw materials for the preparation.
Formula One: 70% low charring husk +15% sieved cinder powder + 15% expanded perlite; Formulation 2: 40% peat + 40% charred chaff + 20% perlite powder.
In short, the matrix requires light texture, easy to absorb water, not bad water, no rot, no toxic side effects; need special attention is that the carbonization of the hull should be moderate, all black, but the original shape exists, there is a certain degree of mechanical strength , It is not easy to be finely ground into ash; the PH value is guaranteed to be good at 6.5, and seed emergence and strong seedlings cannot be influenced by too low or too high.
IV. Management of seedbeds
1. Install the plate. When the plate is placed, the prepared substrate should be moistened to reach the hands and the loose hands can be loaded into the plate. When the plates are stacked, they are filled with more fillers to ensure that the matrix inside the holes is filled naturally. It is not overhead, but tight, and should be installed appropriately. Loose or too tight will affect the number of seedlings that emerge from the seedlings.
2. Sow. The floating seedlings should be 6-8 days ahead of the conventional sowing time for seedlings. Seeds should be made of high-quality coated seeds. Each hole should be sown with 1 or 2 seeds. After sowing a plate, the surface of the seedlings is pressed lightly with wooden boards to sink the seeds. In the matrix, the seedling disc is put into the nutrition pool to float after being properly covered with a well-matched substrate, and then the sprayer is used to spray water on the surface of the seedling pan to promote uniform and timely cracking of the coated seed.
3. Fertilization. Direct floating seedlings of tobacco should be prepared with specially formulated special fertilizers for floating seedlings, and they should be applied according to the amount of fertilizers and methods formulated and prescribed. The floating seedling fertilizer can not be used indiscriminately. Generally, the whole seedling fertilizer is applied in two batches. The first time the seed germination (6 to 8 days) is applied to the nutrition tank, and the nutrient solution with a concentration of 150 ppm is used for foliar fertilizer (total of 2 ～3 times); The second time was performed about 20 days after emergence, supplemented with a nutrient solution with a concentration of 100 ppm. In short, when all kinds of fertilizers are applied, the amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the amount of water in the nutrient pool. To dissolve and stir the various fertilizers and put them into the pool, each fertilizer should be separated by 1 to 2 hours. After fertilization, the fertilizer in the pool is to be stirred evenly, and the pH of the nutrient solution in the pool is often checked. The pH should be maintained between 5.8 and 6.5.
4. Strengthen the management of temperature and humidity. The temperature in the floating nursery shed should be kept between 20 and 28°C (the thermometer should be hung in the shed) to facilitate the emergence and growth of the tobacco seedlings. Too low or too high temperatures will affect the growth of seedlings and tobacco seedlings. Therefore, to strengthen the management of temperature and humidity, if more than 30 °C, should promptly open two ventilation. The temperature in the booth cannot exceed 35°C. Sunny days Every day, from 10am to 16pm, the two sides must remove the film in time. After 16 o'clock, they should promptly cover both sides of the shed to ensure the temperature in the evening shed.
5. Thinning, cutting leaves, hardening seedlings.
(1) Saplings. During the period from the small cross to the big cross, the seedlings are planted and the seedlings are planted. Use small bamboo sticks or other tools to remove the tobacco seedlings carefully and remove the seedlings, then transplant them into the holes to be filled.
(2) cutting leaves. Floating seedlings must be made by cutting the leaves to promote the development of the root system, thick stems, tobacco seedlings growth consistent. Clipping leaves must be carried out at the time of sealing and when the tobacco seedlings reach 10 to 12 cm. Cutting the leaves should not be too early. Too early will make the stem short, which is not conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings. When cutting leaves, it is necessary to promote small control, cutting 1/2 to 1/3 of the leaves each time, cutting large and small, and cutting small and small, so that the growth of tobacco seedlings is consistent. It is required that the number of cutting leaves be 3 to 5 times, and the height of the stem should be 8 to 12 cm when transplanting.
(3) hardening seedlings. The floating seedlings must be strengthened and the seedlings must be strengthened. In the two weeks before transplanting, the film should be opened on both sides and on both sides in order, and the water should be cut off and the fertilizer must be removed 3 to 4 days before planting to increase the resistance of the tobacco plants. Converse and survival rate of transplanting. When hardening the seedlings, it is necessary to pay attention to the slight wilting of the tobacco seedlings at noon, and it is advisable to recover naturally in the morning and evening; before the transplanting, a bacteria poisoning and metalaxyl Mn-zinc liquid should be sprayed.
V. Hygiene measures and disease prevention
1. Hygiene measures: (1) It is forbidden for non-workers to enter the shed. Personnel entering the shed must wash their hands with soapy water. (2) Operators are strictly forbidden to smoke in the shed and must not wash their hands in the nursery pool. (3) When pruning tobacco seedlings or seedlings, the tools must be immersed and sterilized with 5% soap liquid. The remaining seedlings of the trimmed and the seedlings should be cleared out of the shed in time. (4) In the process of ventilating or hardening the seedlings, it is necessary to pay attention to the control of insect pests such as roundworms. (5) In the case of diseased seedlings, they should be removed promptly and the remedy should be prescribed.
2. General chemical control: (1) Anthrax: sprayed with 80% dexamethasone powder 600 times, 80% eutectic powder 800 times or 25% carbendazim 500 times. (2) Root black rot: sprayed with 50% eutectic powder 700 times or 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times.
Tobacco Floating Seedling Technology and Management
Flue-cured tobacco floating seedling is a relatively advanced seedling raising method in the world. In recent years, most of the tobacco-producing areas in China have turned from floating seedlings in the past to floating seedlings. The use of floating seedlings can foster disease-free, high shoot height and uniform seedlings. After transplanting, the seedlings have good uniformity and good root system, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of field diseases, especially the occurrence of mosaic disease; early flowers can be eliminated, and the number of effective leaves can be increased, which is beneficial to the opening of the top leaves; It can reduce the input and labor of tobacco farmers and increase the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. I would like to talk about the following points about floating seedlings technology and management issues: