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Prevention and control measures against mushrooms in low temperature period of Agaricus bisporus
Selection of varieties According to the climatic conditions in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, etc., As2799 Agaricus species should be selected. Before introducing other species, a small-scale test should be conducted, which is suitable for local cultivation and then promoted in large areas. In addition, the introduction of strains of their own species degradation, lack of seed production techniques, operation is not standardized, strains of many passages preserved, with four or even five strains as a three-level seeding, etc., will affect the mushroom. The degraded bacteria exhibited slow germination, weak mycelium, slow bacterial growth, and poor stress resistance after inoculation. The lack of fruiting or mushrooming has caused delays in the production of serious diseases. It is best to master the seed production techniques for the prevention and control of strain degradation, and direct seed production for production. If no seed production conditions are required, purchase regular three-grade seed cultivation. Cultivation materials formulated with a reasonable formulation of culture materials can produce mushrooms normally, otherwise it will lead to more aerial hyphae, serious diseases, and delay in mushrooming. Basic formula: wheat straw 3000 kg, cow dung powder 3000 kg, superphosphate 60 kg, urea 60 kg, lime powder 80 kg, gypsum powder 80 kg, calcium carbonate 90 kg, "Sai Bai 09" 1.5 kg, edible fungi three-dimensional nutrition Semen (mixed type) 1.44 kg. In areas where the development of biogas is better, appropriate amount of biogas residue can be added, and biogas slurry can also be used. The fermentation process of culture materials is related to the success of cultivation. There are phenomena such as non-uniform fermentation of culture materials, raw and cooked raw materials, and acidification in the production, resulting in difficult bacteria production, serious pollution, and difficulty in fruiting. It is recommended to use secondary fermentation technology so that the culture material can be uniformly fermented. It is customary to use one-time fermentation, and turn it in accordance with the principle of “changing the inside and outside, and changing it up and downâ€. Do not turn it “side down†and check and adjust the water content and pH of the culture before entering the shed. Prevention and control of pests and insects lurking in the culture medium, after sowing damage to the double mushroom mycelium, resulting in difficult or not mushroom. Solution: Thoroughly clean up the mushroom shed and the surrounding environment; use the “simple silly†method to treat the cover soil, germs and mushrooming stage and spray it once every 3 to 7 days; apply lime powder to the vents and air inlets of the mushroom shed. To prevent pests from crawling in. Mushroom management shed temperature is too high or too low, excessive water content, water seepage, mycelial autolysis, blind medication, physiological immature mycelium, etc., can lead to not mushroom. When the temperature drops below 8°C, it is generally no longer possible to produce mushrooms. If the heating method, such as the use of a stove, cannot satisfy the normal fruiting, it should be entered in the winter management stage. Open the ventilation holes so that the temperature of the shelf continues to fall, but always maintain the shaded condition and do not allow direct light to enter. No longer spray water strong ventilation, so that the temperature inside the shed fell below 60%. After dehumidification, the cover soil will quickly lose water, and the general moisture content can reach below 20%, even lower. After the temperature rises in the spring, the moisture content can be reduced to about 10%, and the soil surface becomes loose. After stopping spraying with water, use "Caibai 09" 300 times and then spray it every 15 days. Spray 5% cypermethrin EC 100 times to kill the remaining pests. After thawing on the ground outside the shed, spray once every 10 days. Application of rodenticides to prevent rat damage to mushroom beds. Where conditions permit, water temperature and air conditioning can be installed, and the temperature can be raised to about 15°C, so that the market for fresh mushrooms can be continuously produced in the winter.