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Native chickens in forests
Some local chickens are mainly surrounded by wild forests. They feed on grain omnivores and field head grasshoppers. The chickens produced are full of game, nutritious and safe. Its comprehensive supporting technologies are as follows: First, woodland selection should be chosen to stay away from livestock and poultry trading venues, livestock and poultry slaughterhouses, processing plants, chemical plants, and waste disposal sites to avoid air, dust, water, bacteria and noise pollution. It is best to be raised on the mudflats and orchards on riverbanks. The shade of the trees should be over 70% to prevent the hot summer sun from causing heat shock to the birds. Second, the chicken house built in the chicken house should be built in the forest to shelter from the wind, the terrain Gaozao, drainage and sewage conditions are good, the rainy season is not awkward and adequate water sources, convenient transportation. It is possible to construct a plastic shed or to renovate old buildings as chicken houses. The sheds on both sides of the house are about 1.5 meters high and covered with thatched grass. The building area of ​​the house is calculated based on 8 to 10 square meters. The open woodland in front of the shed is circled with nylon nets of 1.5 to 2 meters high, and is used as a venue for local chickens. A number of troughs and drinkers are placed inside and outside the shed. Third, the selection of species should be based on the adaptability and market demand of the flock to wild forests. The first is to select hybrid chicken breeds that account for more than 75% of pure chickens or local chickens that are resistant to extensive movement, flexibility, strong feeding power, and strong disease resistance. The second is to select the type of fast-breeding chickens that have certain adaptability to the cold and rain, or the local chickens that have been body-selected and purified. IV. Stocking Management 1. Stocking density and scale. Stocking densities should be based on the principle of appropriate dilution. Generally, 150-250 stocks should be stocked per mu. Insufficient density of grasses and other bait is insufficient to increase the amount of concentrate feeding, affect the taste of chicken and eggs; the density is too small, resources are wasted, and ecological benefits are low. The size of stocking is generally about 1,500 to 2,000 per group, using all-in and all-out systems. 2, stocking period. The stocking period was comprehensively determined based on the woodland feed resources and the age of the seedlings. Grazing is generally selected from the beginning of April to the end of October. During this time, weeds in the woodland and insects, ants and other insects thrive, and the birds can eat enough ecological feed. From November to March of the following year, captive breeding and grazing supplemented feeding methods were adopted. The chicks were brooded in the usual way in the first month after catching the chicks, and then they were grazing in the woodland after de-warm. 3. Delineate the round of pastoral areas. Generally, 3 to 5 mu of forest land is zoned as a pastoral area. Each pastoral area is separated by a nylon net. This will not only prevent the infestation of chickens and weasels and the introduction of infectious pathogens, but also facilitate the management and the establishment of the food chain. . When there is a shortage of grassworms in a pastoral area, the flocks are rushed to another pastoral area for grazing. The male and female chickens are best divided into different pastoral areas for stocking. In the period when the number of chickens is small and when the grassworms are insufficient, they can not be partitioned. 4, on time feeding. In order to supplement the lack of feed during the period of stocking, it is necessary to supplement the feeding of local chickens in a timely manner. Can be supplemented once in the morning and evening, according to the "early half full, late amount" principle to determine the amount of feed. To make the body weight at 130 days of age reach the market standard and not too fat, the crude protein content of supplement concentrate should be appropriate. Reference formula (%) is: corn 58.4, wheat bran 9.5, soybean meal 22, bone meal 2.5, grassç³ 6, table salt 0.3, trace element additive 0.1, methionine 0.1, choline chloride 0.1. 5, grazing training and management. Pay close attention to changes in the weather, experience abrupt changes in the weather, rain, snow or strong winds should promptly return the chickens to the henhouse to prevent the chickens from suffering from the cold. On summer nights, some incandescent lamps can be hung in the woodland to attract more insects for the birds to eat. In the initial stage of stocking, they are grazing for 3 to 4 hours a day, after which the grazing time is increased day by day. In order for the flock to return home regularly and to facilitate feeding, training passwords should be used, such as whistling, drumming, etc., for herding and training. V. Disease prevention and control 1. For a long time, low-degree breeding and extensive feeding and management have made the chickens have the characteristics of less disease and resistance to roughage, and most of the chickens used are the “four gardens†(orchards, tea plants). , Mulberry, bamboo garden) scattered, the environment away from pollution, help prevent disease. However, because of the long feeding period of the chickens and the long-term grazing in the wild, the chances of exposure to pathogens increase, and sometimes the “four gardens†crops are sprayed with pesticides to cause pesticide poisoning. Therefore, the epidemic prevention of free-range chickens cannot be ignored. . In addition to strengthening day-to-day management, such as strict disinfection and isolation to eliminate some diseases, drug prevention is a good way. Chicken Newcastle disease inoculation (1) chicken 7 to 14 days of age, 25 to 28 days when the cloning 30 vaccine nasal eye, while every 500 chickens plus penicillin, streptomycin each 1 million units, also available Haida, Haitian, Pushaping, Lanxing and other mixed use. (2) Chickens were co-administered intramuscularly at a dose of 1: 1.5 between 55 to 60 days of age using Newcastle disease virus i strains and clone i strain vaccines. (3) When the chicken is 125 days old, it is injected with a new triple vaccine and flu vaccine, 0.5 ml each. (4) Chickens were repeatedly injected intramuscularly with clone i at 306 days of age. (5) Drinking attenuated vaccine (type ii or iv vaccine) at 440 days old (before slaughter). Infectious Bursal Disease Epidemic Prevention (1) Breeders of bursa of bursa vaccine have not been vaccinated before laying eggs or have not been vaccinated again after half an year; their offspring are vaccinated with attenuated vaccines at the age of 5 days; if broilers are vaccinated When the attenuated virus seedlings are subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml/oil seedlings, they will not need to be quarantined at the age of 15 days or 32 days. (2) If the breeder is inoculated six months after inoculation, the offspring may be dripping with attenuated vaccine at 14 days of age. If chickens were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of oil seedlings each time they were inoculated with attenuated vaccines, the chickens would not be vaccinated at 24 days of age. (3) In the outbreak area of ​​bursal disease, chickens were treated with high-immunity egg yolk at 1 day of age, and the effects were better when the animals were immunized 5 days, 15 days, and 32 days old. (4) Commercial chickens should be treated with high-free egg yolk at the age of 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, and they will be free from epidemic prevention in the future. Prevention of Marek Disease (1) Marek's disease vaccine is injected within 24 hours after hatching. (2) Strictly sterilize eggs, incubators and hatching rooms; sterilize the premises and utensils strictly. (3) Chickens imported from high-risk areas are required to supplement the second Marek's disease vaccine. (4) The breeder must avoid segregation within 1 month of chickling to avoid cross-breeding. (5) In the event of disease, the diseased chickens should be eliminated immediately, and the threatened chickens should be treated with Ji Kang's bulk mix and disinfected with Anli 2000 to strengthen prevention. Bird flu can prevent 20-day-old and 120-day-old chickens, produce eggs for half a year, or quickly enter a high-influenza period. After the last half of the year, the eggs should be inoculated with 0.5 ml of egg drop vaccine. Chicken pox was used to prevent fowls from 15 to 35 days of age and from 90 to 140 days of age to vaccinate once against fowl pox vaccines. After 4 to 5 days, cicadas were found to be effective, and the protection rate was generally 100%. For parasitic diseases of chickens, only the improvement of the feeding environment, the strengthening of nutrition and the disinfection of feeding tools are the most effective ways of prevention. 2, do a good job of woodland, sheds health. The chicken house is cleaned once a week. When the livestock is converted in rotation, the chicken manure in the pastoral area is completely removed, and the chicken manure is sprayed with lime powder or sprayed with lime milk. The chicken house is sterilized once every 2 weeks. 3, wild-breeding chickens in the forest everywhere locusts, eggs, parasitic diseases, multiple attacks, chickens should be used every 1 to 1.5 months with levamisole or albendazole an insect, in order to increase the growth of chickens, Evenness and meat safety.