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Mechanized Cultivation of Full-membrane Double Ridge Ditch
The full-membrane double-furrow planting technology is a technique for planting large and small ridges in the field, covering the entire area with mulching film, and planting crops in the trenches. This technology is simple and practical, and has strong operability and is easily accepted by farmers. Differences from conventional film cultivation techniques: First, the cover pattern is changed from half film coverage to full film coverage; second, the filming time is changed from filming before sowing to filming in autumn last year and filming in early spring of the year; The method changed from flat seeding to ridge furrowing. Applicability of this technology: It is applicable to semi-arid areas with semi-humid arid areas with annual rainfall of 250-550 mm. The main technical points are as follows: (1) Site selection The land with a flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose soil, and medium-high fertility and a slope below 15 degrees is selected. (2) Select the filming time to implement the autumn filming (after harvesting the former crops, deep-cultivation in time, and filming in october in October), if the spring coating is to be applied to the top lining (early spring soil thawing in March At about 10 cm, the ridge is covered. (3) Fertilizer, soil treatment, and mulching, such as artificial mulching, mainly perform the following operations. 1. Rowing: Each ridge is divided into two ridges, the ridge width is 110 cm. When rowing, first draw a line 35 centimeters from the edge of the ground, use a rowing device (large row spacing 70 centimeters, small row pitch 40 centimeters) along the border line in accordance with the order of a small ridge and one ridge to complete the field. 2. Fertilization: Increase the amount of fertilization by about 20% compared with conventional cultivation, and evenly spread the fertilizer in the ridge zone of the small ridge. 3. Rigging: Large ridge width 70 cm, height 10 cm, small ridge width 40 cm, height 15 cm. Use a ridger or step plow to furrow. 4. Soil disinfection: 40% phoxim EC to prevent underground pests and 50% acetochlor EC to prevent weeds after soil preparation. 5. Cover film: Choose the film with thickness of 0.008 to 0.01 mm and width of 120 cm to cover the ground completely. The film and film are butted in the middle of the big ridge. For mechanical ridging, the fertilizer should be evenly spread on the surface (the amount of chemical fertilizer is the same as the artificial coating), and the machine should be used to cause the ridge-covered film machine to complete the ditching, ridging, shaping and filming once from the ground. Fertilization, soil covering, laminating. (D) After covering the film with the field, it is forbidden to trample the animal into the ground and damage the plastic film. (5) After one week of covering the water hole and covering the film, after the mulch is close to the ground, a hole of 3 mm in diameter is drilled every 50 cm in the furrow. (6) Seeding 1. Seed preparation: select hybrid corn varieties with strong plant resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance, etc., strong adaptability, good quality, and high yield potential, mainly including Shendan No. 16 and Yuyu No. 22 , Jinsui series, Jinyuan series, wine test 20 and so on. The use of coated seeds is required. 2. Sowing time. When the average temperature on the day steadily passes 10°C, it is a suitable sowing date for corn, generally in the middle and early April. 3. Seeding method. The seeds are broken in film and planted in the ditch with a seeder. Each seed is seeded with 1 to 2 seeds (1-2-1-2 seeding interval) and 3 to 5 centimeters deep. 4. Reasonably dense planting. Determine planting density based on soil fertility, rainfall conditions, and variety characteristics. The annual rainfall of 300-350 mm is suitable for 3000-3500 plants per acre, and the plant spacing is 40-35 cm; the annual rainfall of 350-450 mm is suitable for 3500-4000 plants/mu, and the plant spacing is 35-30 cm. The area with an annual rainfall of 450 mm or more is suitable for 4000 to 4500 plants/mu, and the plant spacing is 30 to 27 cm. Higher fertility and good vegetation can increase planting density. (7) Field management 1. Seedling management (emergence-jointing): The focus of seedling management is to promote the development of roots and cultivate strong seedlings on the basis of ensuring the whole seedlings, so as to achieve early seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings. The "four seedlings" requirement. 2. Mid-term management (joint section - tasseling): The focus of the mid-term management is to promote the increase of leaf area, pay attention to the prevention and treatment of corn top rot, tumor smut, corn borer and other pests and diseases. 3. Late-stage management (Taoxiong-mature): The focus of late-stage management is preventing premature aging, increasing grain weight, and preventing pests and diseases. (8) Timely Harvest When the corn glutinous leaves become dry and the grain milk line disappears, timely harvesting is required.