Longan Controlling Tips and Promoting Flower Cultivation Techniques
Since the 1990s, the long-term new development area of ​​Fujian Province has been continuously expanding, but the total output has been increasing slowly. Among them, the bad weather is the main reason that causes the longan to fail to produce or fail to produce income year after year, but it also has a lot to do with the management of longan trees. Therefore, according to the changes of the longan's growing results and environmental climate conditions, changing the traditional cultivation techniques and vigorously promoting longan control and promoting flowering techniques are important measures to ensure the longan high yield and stable production. 1 Rational fertilization In the past, longan fertilization was focused on fertilization after fruit harvesting, applying winter fertilizer, resulting in excessive soil fertility retention. In case of winter, the winter shoots and the next year's flowering spikes will be easily rejected, which is unfavorable for flower buds. form. It is necessary to change the traditional fertilization habits, skillfully apply pre-harvest fertilizers, strictly control winter fertilizers, and reapply pre-flowering fertilizers. 10 to 15 days before fruit picking, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used to excavate ring-shaped furrows in the canopy dripping line to compost human urine or bran water 50kg plus urea 0.35 to 0.6kg (50kg longan tree as an example. , the same below); If the tree is weak, autumn shoots are drawn late, the leaf color turns green slowly, can spray high quality urea 100g + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g + water 50kg, spray every 7 ~ 10d in the autumn shoot elongation period 1 Times, continuous spray 2 ~ 3 times; if the tree growth is too prosperous, new shoots thin soft, can be sprayed on the foliar of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g + paclobutrazol 100 ~ 150g + water 50kg. In this way, the post-harvest tree vigor can be restored as soon as possible, and the post-harvest shoots can be promoted, so that the shoots of autumn or late autumn shoots can grow robustly and form a good mother tree. The Qiao Shi before the fertilizer, applied in early April, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer each half, each plant applied excrement or bran water 50 ~ 100kg, mixed with urea 1 ~ 2kg, for flowering, strong fruit, promote the laying of the foundation, Before flowering, fertilizer should not be applied early, so as not to cause flower spikes to “shootâ€. Winter fertilizer should be controlled, that is, fertilization should be stopped from October to December after the autumn shoots are full, weakening the growth potential of the winter trees and inhibiting the shoots of winter shoots. 2 Post-harvest pruning Post-harvest pruning includes retractive pruning (ie, short-cut pruning), sparse cutting, and whole buds. Because a lot of nutrients are consumed when fruiting, the fruit must be accumulated after a period of time. Only after about 15 days after picking fruit can the pruning be done. As a result, after the decline in performance, the mother branch retreated to the base, leaving only a few leaves at the base. The overlapping branches and cross branches in the canopy were removed from the branches of the branches, the branches were sorted, and the branches and branches of the pests were removed. , Excluded the crown of the tree branches and branches, so that "the branch will not be abandoned, the waste branches will not stay." After the pruning and pruning, the new shoots must be plucked, leaving 2-3 buds with appropriate positions and prosperous levels, and the rest should be removed. It is advisable to remove the new shoots when they are unfolded. Ensure the right number of robust outcomes. 3 Insect protection, shoot tip and spike status are also important factors affecting flowering in the coming year. The pests that damage the shoots and spikes are mainly litchi, longan, horned cheeks, beetles, gray moths, leaf roller moths, tipped moths, heaped wax moths, and white moth wax moths. Mainly absorbable pesticides can be sprayed with 10% of high-efficiency eradication of 200 times, or 2.5% of insecticidal water doubler 500 times for prevention and treatment. (4) Controlling winter shoots of winter shoots When the shoots are mature and mature, if they encounter continuous high temperature and rainy years, they can easily extract winter shoots. Therefore, plant growth regulators should be sprayed in mid-November to suppress longan winter shoots. Can be used 15% paclobutrazol 1000 ~ 1500mg/kg (ie 100 ~ 150 times liquid), or 500 times longer than the liquid spray 1 time, every 20 ~ 30d spray 1 (specifically, according to the tree vigor and climate conditions may be); The control tip is not timely, and the winter tip has been partially or universally smoked. The winter tip should be immediately wiped out and sprayed with 40% ethephon 300mg/kg (1200 times liquid) to kill. Note that ethephon spray only once, and can not be repeated. 5 Tillage soil From late October to mid-November, plants with weak tree vigor can be plowed under the canopy cover and topsoil and plowed about 20 cm deep; Plants, in the canopy drip line to dig 30-40cm wide and 30-40cm deep, cut off the horizontally elongated roots of the middle and upper longan. After cutting off the root, it can prevent the absorption of fertilizer and water, inhibit the growth of the tree, promote the initiation of new roots, increase the content of cytokinin in the tree, and favor flower bud differentiation. Before flowering in the following year, the combination of pre-flowering fertilizer and one-time ploughing and earth-cultivation will improve soil nutrient, moisture and aeration conditions and promote root growth. 6 to prevent flower spikes "shooting" Longan ear development requires a lower temperature, but during the formation of flower spikes (February to March), often encounter higher temperatures cause flower spikes "shoot tip." In the early stage of spikelet differentiation in late February, red and top buds are removed and 150 mg/kg ethephon can be sprayed once. When the spike main spindle grows to 10 to 12 cm, the spike spindle is removed by about 1 cm. Short ears, increase fruit set rate. 7 Timely irrigation of soil moisture has great influence on the growth period of autumn shoots and the growth of each autumn shoot, and timely irrigation is very important for cultivating the robust mother tree. In case of drought and drought, it should be poured in time, once a month, and promote the root system to absorb nutrients as soon as possible. After the autumn shoot is mature, water should be cut off. If it is rainy, it should be drained in time. The longan should have sufficient water during flowering to ensure normal flowering. Therefore, the spring drought should be timely watering, but the rainy spring should be promptly drained.