Vegetable peas and cultivation techniques
Peas, alias Han beans, snow beans, wheat beans, Dutch beans, etc., are planted in the north and south of China. Vegetable peas are cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley, Southwest China, and South China. The products are rich in protein, sugar, and vitamins. They have high nutritional value, delicious taste, and are well received by consumers. Pea's tender bean grains can be processed for quick freezing, and the annual supply is also an important export vegetable. 1 Variety type dishes are divided into three types: pea pods, tender beans, and shoots and leaves. The type of tender quail is also known as soft pupa type. Its husk flesh has no leathery membrane or slow wall fiber growth, and the clam shell and grain can be eaten. Among them, the wide flat pod species are commonly used as “Dutch beansâ€, such as food. A variety of cultivars such as èš Dae Pea, Da Lao Dutch Bean, Taichung No. 11, and Sweet Brittle are available. The type of bean pods used in the tender bean granules is qualitative, and the pods cannot be eaten. They are fresh, tender, and tender bean granules, and are also known as hard quail species, such as Zhongwan 4, Zhongwan 5, and Zhongwan 6. Early spring and other varieties. Types of tender stems and leaves, broadly considered to be pea-cultivated young shoots, tender stems and tips can be eaten, but in strict sense the type of the varieties should be stems and leaves fat, less fiber, strong growth, no tendrils or tendrils very underdeveloped The vines are mostly indefinite growth type. During the growth period, the stem shoots can be harvested multiple times, such as the pea spike No.1 and pea seedlings. 2 Cultivation techniques 2.1 Peas are cold-resistant crops during the cultivation season. Vegetable peas are younger due to stems and leaves and products. Food peas resistant to dry grains have weaker resistance to high and low temperature and drought, and their growth and development are like a cool and humid climate. The optimum temperature for seed germination, flowering and scabbing is 18-20°C, and the suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is about 15°C. When the temperature is higher than 25°C, the seed germination rate is fast, but the emergence rate is decreased, and the seedling growth is weak. , Plant premature decline, the quality of the product decreased, the yield decreased. Pea seedlings have the strongest cold resistance, and 2 to 3 compound leaf seedlings can withstand a low temperature of -4 to -2°C. Therefore, in the cultivation season of peas, different regions should arrange their growth and development in the season when the temperature and humidity are most suitable for their growth according to the local climate and environmental conditions. Generally, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the vast areas south of the Yangtze River are sown in late September and early November, and harvested from January to April in the following year. North China, Northeast China, and northwest China are spring planting areas. Most of them are planted after the thawing of the earth in March-April. Harvesting is completed before the onset of the summer, and these areas should be kept as early as possible under the premise that they are not affected by frost. Long suitable for the growing season, increase the harvest. The southern part of North China is mainly Shandong's Luzhongnan region, where peas can be exposed on the fringes of wintering. Autumn sowing can also be broadcast in spring. Autumn sowing is mostly planted in October, and the young seedlings with 2 to 3 leaves are overwintering. In areas not too cold in winter, it is also possible to use the sunlight greenhouse for the autumn sowing and winter harvest, which is generally broadcasted from August to September for live broadcast or nursery transplanting to the solar greenhouse and harvesting from November to December. 2.2 Species Selection Peas are long daylight crops, and flowering and scabbing are good in the spring when the number of sunshine hours increases, shortening the sunshine duration, and delaying flowering and scarring. When southern varieties are moving northward, most of them can flower early. Some varieties are insensitive to the length of sunshine, and they can all flower normally under long or short sunshine. Therefore, when selecting varieties for pea production, attention should be paid to the photosensitivity of the varieties, especially autumn and winter production and long-distance cropping, care should be taken to select varieties that are insensitive to the length of sunshine. Most dwarf species such as Zhongwan 4 and Chunzao are insensitive to the length of sunshine. In areas where the northern spring sowing area is popular in May and June, hot and dry winds should be used in areas where dwarf and early-maturing varieties are used to avoid the occurrence of dry hot winds. The cultivation of protected fields in the fall and winter in the north can use early-maturing and high-yield soft-flesh varieties such as sweet brittle, and their product value is higher. 2.3 Cultivation Management Measures During the growth and development of peas, the roots secrete acidic substances. When these crops are contiguous, the accumulation of these acidic substances in the soil will affect the growth of rhizobia and root systems. Continuous cropping will increase the pests and diseases in the field, which will lead to a decline in yield, especially for vegetables. The white peas are sensitive to the reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out rotation for 3 to 5 years or more. Generally, the former crops should be loose and fertile and have less acidic paddy fields. The vegetable fields should be used in winter. According to the fertility situation, when the soil is ploughed together, the perennial farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, the superphosphate 20-30kg, the potassium sulphate 6-10kg or the plant ash 50-60kg can be combined and ploughed, and the soil insufficiency can add 5-10kg urea. . When the peas are sowed, the soil must have enough bottom pods, and the soil moisture should be dispersed in a handful of groups. Dry and too wet are not conducive to emergence. If the soil is dry, it should be watered 5 to 7 days before sowing. Seed drying before sowing 2 to 3 days, can increase the vitality of seeds, help seedlings full, seedling strong. More peas live, flat vine cultivation, wetland or mulching when mulching. Drilling or sowing, dwarf erection varieties multi-row drilling, row spacing of about 30cm, spacing 3 ~ 8cm, depending on the degree of branching of the varieties may be. The vines are planted in multiple rows and planted in rows of 30cm50cm with 2 to 3 seeds per hole. The sowing depth is 3～4cm. After the sowing, the pods are lightly stepped with the feet, so that the seeds are in close contact with the moist soil, which will help preserve the seedlings. Avoid watering before emergence to prevent rotten species. This is also an important reason for requiring soil moisture to be sufficient for sowing. After the emergence of seedlings Qi flooding water, after the cultivator, weeding, appropriate seedlings, refrain from watering. Peas are one of the food-loving crops of the leafminer. From the young seedlings, attention should be paid to checking the back of the leaf and early detection and prevention. The creeping species need to take a stand before pumping vines, and increase the number of watering after pumping vines. Before flowering, the compound fertilizer can be applied and watered to promote the growth of the stems and leaves and flowering. In the early stages of flowering, water should not be used to prevent falling flowers. For example, soil drought can be poured with a small amount of water. When the lower part of the plant stays in the pod stage after sitting on the hoe, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the fertilizer and water, keep the soil moist, and topdressing the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in combination with watering. Phosphate fertilizer and foliar fertilizers such as boron, molybdenum, and manganese are applied to the foliar stage to increase the number of scapes and promote grain filling. When soft pods are fully grown, and the seeds are not yet developed or harvested when they are just beginning to grow, hard pods need to be harvested when the grain is full, and the pods are harvested from dark green to light green but not yellow, and the growth and development of pods in different parts Inconsistent, timely harvesting should be carried out in batches in batches, and the harvesting process should be taken care of to protect the stems and leaves from damage so as not to affect the growth and development of the latter.