Summer cultivation techniques of alpine tomatoes
The tomato is thermophilic but not heat-resistant. The minimum temperature for seed germination is 11°C. As the temperature rises, germination accelerates. During plant growth, the daily temperature is 20-25°C and the night temperature is 15-20°C, which is conducive to flowering. However, it is not suitable to exceed 30°C, otherwise it is easy to cause physiological disorders. In the high mountain areas above 600m above sea level, it is suitable for the growth of tomatoes in July and August. It can effectively extend the cultivation in late summer to make up for the shortage of supply in the plain areas, and it can export foreign exchange, which has high economic returns. In 1992, the city began to grow tomatoes in the mountains in 1992. It has now grown to nearly 10,000 mu, and 90% of its products have been exported. It has also formed a number of tomato specialty villages, such as Huangyang Village in Caoxi Town. CCTV has reported the cultivation of the village. The deeds of the tomato. The techniques for cultivation of alpine tomatoes in summer are described below. 1. Select high-quality varieties that are resistant to heat, high resistance to bacterial wilt, precocious, fruity, red, and storage-resistant. Our city mainly grows Dafengshun tomatoes cultivated by South China Agricultural University. This species is a limited type of growth. It has a weight of about 150g from the time of planting to the first harvest of about 70d. It has a high roundness, a smooth fruit shoulder, no green shoulders, and thick flesh. , Transportable, good merchandise. The output of 667m2 can reach more than 5,000kg, up to 12000kg. 2. The altitude of the planting area should be above 600m. To choose a deep, fertile soil with good ventilation, drainage and convenient water retention and fertility, the former is better sandy paddy soil, not suitable for continuous cropping with Solanum, tobacco, peanuts, potatoes and other crops, in order to reduce soil-borne diseases and nematodes The harm. 3, nurturing strong seedlings. The most suitable planting period for cultivation of tomatoes in high mountains in the city is in late March. In early April. The amount of seed for 667m2 is 20-25g. Before sowing, seeds should be disinfected. Seeds should be placed in warm water of 55°C for 5-10 minutes, then soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes. Rinse and rinse with clean water. Finally, seedlings can be sown with green hen No. 1. This disinfection method is mainly used to prevent the occurrence of virus disease and bacterial wilt. For every m2 seedbed, use 9-10g of 40% pentachloronitrobenzene mixed fine soil 4-4.5kg, take 1 / 3 of it and sprinkle it on the surface of the dripping water, put the seeds on it, and then cover the rest of the medicine. On seeds, the main prevention of damping-off and blight. Bed area should be appropriate. The optimum ratio of sowing nursery to colonization is 0.1:1. When the seedlings grow two true leaves should be time and seedlings, weak to stay strong, in addition to disease seedlings keep healthy seedlings. When the seedlings grow to 6 true leaves, they can plant Daejeon. 4, colonization. Before the planting, the soil is deep-turned, sun-baked, and limed 75-100 kg is applied to neutralize the acidity of the soil to reduce the incidence of bacterial wilt, increase the content of calcium in the soil, reduce the production of the fruit of the umbilical rot, and to a certain extent Kill other germs. In the middle of the ditch, every 1000m2 of 1000-1500kg cooked chicken and duck dung (with husks), 50-75kg of ternary compound fertilizer, and 30kg of superphosphate are used as base fertilizer. Before planting, using 500 times biological humic acid humic fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency can be improved and the rate of addition of seedlings can be increased. Two rows of plants can be planted with a spacing of 50 cm and a spacing of 40 cm. 5, Daejeon management. After the planting, the soil should be kept moist and the water should be irrigated promptly. After the seedlings have survived, 400 times more enemies or 40% nitrobenzene 800 times should be watered to prevent the occurrence of bacterial wilt and begin to top-dressing. The amount of topdressing fertilizer is 50kg per 667m2 of urea, 30-50kg of potassium sulfide, 50kg of compound fertilizer, and 2-3 times of rooting of 1000 times biological humic acid fertilizer. When spraying, combined with top dressing, the main spraying of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Gao Lida and plant health elements. When the seedling height is about 30 centimeters, 8-10 true leaves should be cultivated and weeded in time. The cultivator tools should avoid touching the roots and roots as much as possible so as not to damage the roots. Soil and plant roots and stems must have a certain distance, fertilizer can not directly contact with the various parts of the body, to avoid the occurrence of fertilizer burning seedlings. In the late stage of growth, if grass damage occurs more severely, it can be sprayed and sprayed to prevent and control stalks. However, spraying to the plant body should be avoided to prevent phytotoxicity. Due to the long cultivation period of tomatoes growing in the mountains, the tall branches, large fruits, and frequent typhoon rain, so the brackets must be tall and strong, use 2m or so bamboo poles to take the best "person" shape frame. Generally double stalks are used for pruning. In addition to the main stalk, the middle and lower layers of the plant retain the first lateral bud under the first inflorescence, and all other lateral buds are removed. The upper lateral buds are properly preserved, allowing them to fully grow and cover the fruit, avoiding the production of sunburning fruit and reducing fruit cracking. The fruit should be shredded or harvested in time to maintain the vegetative growth, so that the plants will not be defeated after the summer, and they can quickly resume growth. When the high temperature comes, they can cover the straw and leaves in the daytime to make the ground uncovered. Create a shaded, low-lying microclimate environment. 6. Diseases and Insect Pests The prevention of tomato cultivation in summer is in high temperature and rainy season. Diseases are particularly serious. Diseases that mainly occur in the city include virus disease, bacterial wilt, early blight and late blight. Virus disease can be used virus net, plant disease spirit, virus will be controlled. Bacterial wilt is controlled by Greenhenge 1, Streptomycin for agricultural use, and Kecuring. The early and late blights were treated with noble copper, anti-virus scorpion, lycoside, and bacteria. The pests that injure more summer tomatoes include aphids, cotton bollworms, and Liriomyza sativae. The locusts can be controlled by big heroes and omethoate. The bollworms were treated with fast killing locust, diflubenzuron III, Baoyou EC and extermination. Liriomyza sativae is controlled by Abatadin, Aifudin, Lasbin, and awesome enemies.