Soybean stem black spot disease

Symptoms mainly affect stems, pods and petioles. The stems were infected with brown or gray-white lesions, and the black spots of the posterior disease were longitudinally arranged. Soybean meal infected with disease near the initial round brown spots, and then turned gray and dry and died, it also gave birth to small black spots, peeled open the disease, the inner layer of white mycelium, bean surface dense gray mycelium, bean pale pale atrophy, lost Germination ability.

The pathogen Phomopsis sojae Lehman called Phosphatomyces sojae belonging to the fungus Aspergillus Suberii. Diaporhe phaseo10rum var. sojae (Lehman) Wehm. is a variant of the bean pod shell soybean belonging to the genus Ascomycota. The conidiospore is formed in a single-chamber sub-container. The conidiophore stem is bottle-shaped, simple and colorless. There are two kinds of conidia: alpha-type conidia are colorless spindles, and β-type conidia are colorless filaments, which occurs more commonly. Ascaria capsule globose, slightly flat at the end, with a long, pointed tip. Ascospores are long rods, and ascospores are released and the former ashes dissolve into mucus. Ascospores fusiform, double-celled, colorless. The ascostic shells form on diseased stems after wintering.

Transmission routes and pathogenic conditions The pathogens live in soy or other host residues over winter with dormant filaments, and conidiospoies are produced on wintering residues or petiole that fall off in the year in the following year, and ascospore shells are produced on overwintering stems in early summer. After the pathogen invaded the host, it only grew within a diameter of 2 cm at the infestation site and it gradually expanded when the host became senescent. Alpha-type conidia and ascospores can infect. Most infected seeds are caused by infestation during jaundice. The temperature from the pods to the mature period lasting longer than 20°C will spread over a long period of time, causing the seeds to become infected. Infection with viruses or lack of potassium may accelerate seed rot. Delaying harvesting at high humidity during ripening also exacerbates the condition.

Prevention methods (1) and crop rotation. (2) Timely tillage after harvest. (3) timely sowing, timely harvest. (4) Seed disinfection if necessary. Seed dressing with a seed weight of 0.3% 50% thiram or seed dressing double powder.

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