Several breeding techniques of flowers
There are several breeding methods for flowers. The following describes several methods for farmers who choose to use flowers. I. Seed propagation methods General flower species, such as the four seasons, sea bream, impatiens and other seeds, can be directly sown without any treatment, and the shell with oil wax seeds, such as magnolia and other available ash and water into a paste into the seeds In order to sow, the lotus and cannakin seed coats are hard, and the seed coats must be scraped before sowing and soaked in warm water for 24 hours before sowing. The seed of the eucalyptus leaves can be sprouted in the spring if sown in the spring. All kinds of seeds must be germinated prior to sowing to check the seed germination rate in order to determine the seeding rate. For woody flowers with thick seed coats, germination should generally be carried out before spring sowing to achieve fast and neat seedlings and high seedling rate. Germination more water immersion, stratification and other methods. 1, flooding germination method. Can be divided into 3 kinds of water temperature treatment. First, cold water soaking germination, water temperature above 0 °C, suitable for seeds with relatively thin seeds, such as wisteria, palm, waxy, cedar, etc.; Second, warm water soak germination, water temperature 40-60 °C, suitable for thicker peony species , Chinese wolfberry medicine, Bauhinia, Maple Poplar, Chinese wolfberry, Platycladus orientalis, larch, etc.; Third, hot water soaking germination, water temperature 70-90 °C, apply to seed coat hard seeds, such as acacia, acacia, eucalyptus and so on. When soaking, the amount of water used is 3 times that of the seeds. When pouring into the water, stir it to make the seeds evenly heated. When soaking with hot water, after the water temperature drops to the natural temperature, stop stirring, then soak for 1-3 days. After the seeds absorb and expand, remove and germinate at a temperature of 18-25°C. During the germination, wash with warm water 1-2 times a day, and pay attention to gently turn, until the seeds break after the mouth can be sown. 2, stratification accelerating method. Stratification and pregermination are mixed with 3 parts of wet sand and 1 part of seeds, and then kept at a temperature of 0-7°C for refrigerated storage. This method is applicable to the flower seeds of Magnolia grandiflora, Michelia, Magnolia, Lonicerae, as well as every other year. In addition, for long-term dormant seeds or seeds that have budding every other year, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, holly, and coral trees, temperature-warming and germination methods can also be used, that is, 25-30°C during the day after soaking, and the night temperature is about 15°C. Repeatedly about 10 -20 days to germinate. Second, split propagation method Separated from the mother plant on the small plantlets or isolated from the mother of bulbs, bulbs, and separately planted into an independent new plant called cut propagation. This method is divided into ramets and sub-balls. 1, branching method. The root pods, stem pods, and rhizomes that occurred on the mother plant were separated and cultivated into individual new shoots. The period of propagation of the ramets depends on the type of flowers. Generally, the ramets in the spring of cultivating in the renewal season are in spring and the ramets in spring in autumn. Fall ramets need to go dormant in the ground, while the underground is still in the active period, such as peony, peony, etc.; spring ramets should be carried out before germination, such as jade sorghum, iris and so on. In the case of ramets, the perennial flower is first removed from the roots and the soil attached to the roots is then removed by a knife or by a knife. The stalks must be separated so that the first plant with at least 2-3 shoots is cut. . In the case of plants and trees, it is not necessary to remove the mother plant. Dig out the soil with a shovel and dig out the young plant from the side of the rhizosphere to plant it. When the ramets are broken, the root system will be damaged to facilitate survival. 2, ball method. This method is mainly used for propagation of bulbs and bulbs. After the dormant time, after dormancy, the bulbs and bulbs are separated and excavated from the cue ball, and cultivated into independent new strains, such as the bulbs of hyacinths, which usually occur at the base for 4 weeks, and can be obtained after the separation from the parent spheres for 4 years. The same size as the mother plant; narcissus globules can grow into large balls after 3 years, and the large tulip bulbs will generate 2-3 small balls after 1 year. The globules will grow into big balls after 1-2 years of growth. After 1 year of growth, Gladiolus balls can form 1-4 large balls and can produce many small balls. Third, grafting propagation method. The grafting method is to artificially graft the branches or buds of a flower plant to be planted on the stem or root of another flower plant. Grafting is divided into two major categories: branching and budding. This method can not only maintain the characteristics of the original varieties, but also improve the resistance to adverse environmental conditions, and can adjust the fertility of flowers and trees, is conducive to early flowering results. This method is mostly used for woody flowers. A small number of plants and flowers can also use this method. The key to grafting survival is to master the grafting period. Generally, it should be carried out when the sap starts to flow and the buds have not yet germinated. The branches are mostly in the early spring and March-April, and the buds are often picked up in July-August. The second is the scion and rootstock. Select close-coupled, affinity plants, such as ligustres of the same family as primordial root, grafted osmanthus or clove, etc.; third, rootstock should be selected for vigorous growing one-year or two-year seedlings, if the rootstock is old Old, it will affect survival. Scions should be selected from excellent, robust and mature annual branches; Fourth, attention should be paid to cutting the rootstock first after cutting and scioning (shortening the water evaporation time). The tools should be sharp, the incision should be smooth, the formation layer should be aligned when grafting, and the thin-walled cells should be Strictly close, the joints must be tightly closed, and the tie tightness should be moderate; Fifthly, it should be checked in time after grafting, and the tied plant should be promptly dismantled when the plants that have been alive are grafted. Immediately remove the mound so that young sprouts do not turn yellow due to the lack of sunlight.