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1. Soil and Fertilizer Water Management
1.1 Soil management Soil deep-ripening is the basic measure for increasing production. Deep-turning ripening can improve soil, increase soil permeability, and promote tree growth.
1.2 Fertilizer application base fertilizer, timely application of basal fertilizer in order to supplement the tree nutrients, base fertilizer to organic fertilizer mainly, 3000-4000 kg organic fertilizer per acre ditch, plus urea 20 kg, superphosphate 50 kg, plant ash 500 kilogram. Fertilizer, generally 3 times in 1 year to recover, in the middle of March when the sap began to flow, each topdressing urea 0.50-1 kg, in order to supplement the nutrients needed for tree growth, lay a good foundation for improving fruit set rate. After culturing, 0.50 kg of urea per plant was used to increase fruit setting rate. Before the flower bud differentiation at the end of July, 0.50 kg of urea, 1.50 kg of superphosphate, and 5 kg of plant ash were used to promote fruit growth and fruit quality.
1.3 Watering Generally, water is poured 4 times in one year. In the spring, irrigation conditions are followed by pouring water once after top dressing to promote the absorption and utilization of fertilizer. After flowering, topdressing watering is used to increase fruit setting rate. Pour 1 water after wheat harvest to promote flower bud differentiation and rapid fruit growth. Pouring frozen water, and pouring frozen water in time in winter to facilitate safe wintering of trees.
2. Pruning
2.1 Winter trim
2.1.1 to prevent bald hernia, due to the branching of hawthorn outside the tree, often close to the outside, the growth of the intrinsic branchlets is weak, dead branches increased year by year, the middle and lower parts of the branches at all levels gradually nude bald. Measures to prevent baldness in internal hemorrhoids should adopt the principle of combination of sparseness, contraction, and cut-off and carry out transformation and rejuvenation, and sparsely remove the stems and round stems of round and dense branches and competing branches, leggy branches, disease and insect branches, and shrink and weaken. The main collaterals were selected to retain the buds of the appropriate sites for minor updates and to cultivate robust branches. The methods for cutting and rejuvenating the weak branches and injuring the shoots in the bald areas were modified.
2.1.2 Short cuts When the banyan trees reach the end of the fruiting period, the full shoots with full growth and budding, and the buds below 1-4, can be differentiated into flower buds. Therefore, a short cut method should be used for hawthorn trimming. To protect flower buds.
2.1.3 After the multi-trending hawthorn tree entered the fruiting period, many years of continuous results led to the drooping of the shoots, the weakening of the growth potential, the emergence of pintle shoots on the stems, and the decline in yield. Branches should be updated in time to restore tree vigor. For many years of continuous results of the branch or other redundant branches, drooping branches, Jiaozuo branches, perennial long branches, retracted to the strong rear part of the delivery, and the use of the back branches to take the lead, in order to enhance the growth potential, and promote the improvement of yield.
2.2 summer trim
2.2.1 The branches and branches have strong ability to shoot new shoots. Generally, 2-3 lateral shoots at the top of the shoots can all draw strong branches. Each year, the branches of trees are surrounded by many branches, which makes canopy closure, poor ventilation and light transmission, and it should be as soon as possible. Remove sparsely located and prosperous development branches. The branches that germinate on the lower lateral buds of the inflorescence were all removed, and the bare middle and lower parts of the big branches at all levels were overcome, preventing the outward movement of the resulting parts.
2.2.2 Branches In summer, branches growing vigorously and having space are stopped after the new shoots stop growing in late July, and the branches are leveled, slowing the trend to promote flowering and increasing yield.
2.2.3 Pinching In mid-May, when the inner branch of the canopy grows to 30-40 cm, leave 20-30 centimeters to pick up the heart, promote flower bud formation, and cultivate a compact fruit group.
2.2.4 The girdling is generally performed on the auxiliary culture branches, and the girdling width is 1/10 of the thickness of the peeled branches.
3. Disease and Insect Pest Control Hawthorn pests mainly include red spider, peach borer, and peach aphid. The diseases include ringworm disease and powdery mildew.
3.1 Control of spider mites and Myzus persicae In the period from early May to early June, spraying 2500 times wipeout.
3.2 Controlling peach borer In the middle of June, the tree tray sprayed 100-150 times of parathion EC and killed the larvae of overwintering borer. In early July and mid-August, 1,500 times of parathion EC was sprayed on the tree to eliminate the heartworm. Eggs and fruit larvae
3.3 Prevention and cure of ringworm disease Spray 80% carbendazim 800 times after 1 week, and spray the fungicide once in mid-June, late July and mid-August.
3.4 Hawthorn Park, which has a severe incidence of powdery mildew, sprays 1 lime stone sulfur compound before germination, and sprays 600 times 50% wettable carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl during bud stage and June.
High-yielding cultivation techniques for hawthorn
The unique medicinal and fruitful tree species in China. There are many varieties of hawthorn, and fresh and processed fruits are good for sale in the market. Hawthorn can be cultivated in mountains, plains, hills, sandy lands, acidic or alkaline soils. In view of the low yield and instability of hawthorn production in recent years, the high yield cultivation techniques of hawthorn are summarized below.