The main technology of artificial breeding of squid

Siniperca chuatsi, one of the most famous freshwater fishes in China and abroad, is a typical carnivorous fish. It feeds on live fish for life. When larvae hatch and start feeding, they must ingest adequate amounts of palatability. Feed - other live fish fry, and not like a normal fish fry have a process of feeding zooplankton. Therefore, in the breeding process of eel fry, the matching of bait is the key. Otherwise, even if the eel fry hatches out, it will be completely destroyed and the previous work will be abandoned.
1. The choice of broodstock can be captured either in natural waters or in special pools for a long period of time. However, the broodstock captured in natural waters should be put into special pools for intensive cultivation 2 to 3 months prior to the breeding season. The standard for selecting broodstock is that the broodstock is robust, disease-free and non-injury. The male fish has a minimum of 0.5kg, and the age is above a winter age. The female has a minimum of 0.75kg and the age is more than two years of age. Gender ratio is female: male = 1: (1 to 2)
2, broodstock breeding around 60kg per acre, feeding live paella fish all year round, especially before the breeding season, should be more vote. Two months prior to the breeding season, it is best to separate the male and female broodstock for intensive cultivation. An aerator must be provided to keep the pool water free from dissolved oxygen.
3, identification of male and female and maturity
3.1 Male and female identification The male mandible has a pointed shape at the front of the mandible, which is more than the upper jaw. The mandible is long and pointed: the front of the female mandible is rounded, not more than the upper jaw, ie, the lower jaw is short and blunt. Male fish have two holes in the abdomen, one is the anus, the other is a urine hole, insemination and urination share, urogenital hole round. Female abdomen has three holes in the abdomen, namely genital hole, anus and urine hole. The genital hole is in a shape of "one", located between the anus and the urine.
3.2 Maturity Identify the mature female genital hole around the pink, abdominal swelling, soft and elastic, in the genital hole on both sides of the 3cm, slightly squeezed, there is a little gel-like liquid and light yellow or yellow-green egg outflow . If the egg nucleus is centered, there are many ovules, and they stick together, and the eggs are not full and uncooked; if the eggs are dull, dark yellow, the egg membranes are wrinkled, and the collapse of the eggs is too familiar.
The appearance of urogenital holes in mature males is a point-like hole, and there are semen outflows on the sides of the genital hole. If the semen is in the shape of a drop or a thick line, it will be fine if the water spreads out. If it is a thin line, it will be immature if the water is not scattered.
4, artificial labor
4.1 Production season The most suitable breeding water temperature is between 25 and 28°C in late May and mid-June in eastern and central China.
4.2 The oxytocics and doses are two or three injections. Poorly matured broodstock uses three injections, generally 15 days prior to injection for the first time: PG (pituitary) 0.5 to 0.8 mg/kg or LRH-A3 20 to 50 μg/kg, and the first dose is not included in the total dose. The second needle is 1/3 of the total amount, and the third interval is 12 to 14 hours. The injection is best at the base of the pectoral fin and abdominal injection is used. Female doses are:
(1) PG 5mg + HCG 500IU + LRH-A3 50μg;
(2) PG 5 mg + HCG 600 IU + LRH-A3 60 μg.
The dose of the male fish is halved and injected together with the female's last needle. The effect time (the time from the last injection to spawning) is shown in Table 1.
4.3 Spawning and Fertilization The broodstock will be placed in the spawning pool as females: male = 1:1 to 1.5 and injected into micro-flowing water to prevent suffocation. 2h before estrus, increase the flow rate to 20cm/s to stimulate broodstock oestrus. If there are more fertilized eggs in the collection tank of the spawning tank, they must be removed promptly and quickly and placed in hatchery facilities to avoid overgrowth and embryo death.
Artificial insemination should be used when the number of male and female fish is small, and the fertilization rate can reach more than 90%. However, the key is to grasp the appropriate insemination time, otherwise it will reduce the fertility rate. Every 1-2h must be inspected to see if the squid has estrus. In the absence of estrus, the squid is generally lying on the bottom. When the estrus has not reached its climax (about 15 min after the estrus starts), immediately catch the broodstock, wipe the water off the abdomen of the fish first, use the syringe to remove the semen, and squeeze the eggs into the basin to immediately add the male fish. Semen, in order to prevent some males from developing badly and having poor semen quality, it is best to add semen of several male fish together to increase the fertilization rate. Then stir with feathers for 1 to 2 minutes to fully mix the eggs and then add a small amount of fresh water. Stir again and let stand for 1 min before hatching. The carp is yellowish in fertilization, thicker in the egg membrane and opaque.
5. Artificial hatching The collected fertilized eggs are incubated in the hatching tank or ring road. The eggs of the catfish are elastic and slightly expand after encountering water. The size of the eggs is proportional to the size of the female fish. Fertilized eggs can float in water by water. The water flow rate during hatching is not less than 20cm/s, and the incubation time is longer than that of the four individual fishes. When the water temperature is 25 to 30°C, it takes more than 30 hours; when the water temperature is 25°C or less, the incubation time is more than 50 hours. It takes about 54-59 hours from the start of injecting oxytocide to produce a film, and it will take another 64 hours to swim. The cod effect time, filming time and endogenous nutrient time under different water temperatures are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Effect time, filming time, and endogenous nutrient time of catfish at different temperatures (h)
Water temperature °C 20 ~ 21 22 ~ 23 24 ~ 25 26 ~ 27 28 ~ 30
Effect time 30~34 24~27 19~21 15~17 8~12
Incubation time 62-75 44-53 36-37 33-34 31-32
Endogenous nutrition 128 109 98 72 64
Total 220 to 237 177 to 189 153 to 156 120 to 123 103 to 108
6, the fry of the cultivation of carp hatching is easy to cultivate difficult, in the breeding process to feed the live bait starting or end, or they will kill each other, seriously affecting the survival rate.
The newly hatched yolk sac is relatively large, the body is soft and transparent, body length 3.8 ~ 4.2mm, smaller than the fish fry, only with the water in the water rolling, this time the flow should be slightly increased. After 3 days, the yolk sac gradually disappeared, and a lumbar spot appeared. The swimmer could swim. To prevent the top of the fry, the water flow should be reduced. From the upper and lower levels to the horizontal ones, sharp teeth are formed on the upper and lower jaws, and fish fry similar to its body size can be hunted. Feeding can be started and the fry cultivation phase can be started.
About one week after feeding the carp seedlings in the hatchery, the larvae that grow to about 0.8cm can be moved to a small concrete pool. The area of ​​the concrete pool should be 10~90 square meters. Microfluidic water is required, and the water depth is 0.8. ~1m, stocking density is 5000/m2, in the case of adequate feed, larvae are cultivated from 10 to 18 days, up to about 3cm, at this time the shape is similar to adult fish, active feeding capacity is enhanced, can be in the cement pool or net Continuing the cultivation in the box, it can also be cultivated in the pond. In the hatching tank or circulatory culture of fish fry to pay attention to disease prevention, according to the test, during the fry cultivation commonly used 0.7mg/L CuSO4 and FeSO4 containing agent (5:2) to control the effect of pathogens such as trichomonads better. After the fish fry grows, the disease will gradually decrease.
It is best to choose the freshly hatched carp or bluefish seedlings because they are smaller and more sluggish and easier to swallow. It should be noted that the quasi-time must be calculated. Generally, the feed should be fed on the 1st to the 2nd day of the catfish swimming. If there is no food intake within 2 days, the stomach sac will shrink and the carp seedling will not survive. For example, the squid needs 5 to 6 days from the stimulating production to the seedlings to start eating (water temperature is 25°C or higher), and the bolster production of the scorpionhead needs 2d for the production of the film. Therefore, the first batch of scorpion fish should be used for 3 to 4 days after the squid production. Afterwards, a batch of bollocks will be brewed every other day. Comparison of stimulating production time of squid and puerperium production time under different water temperatures:
Effort time control (unit: h)
鳜鱼头头鲂水 温°C 催产 to opening time effect time embryo development subtotal time difference
20~21 220~237 12 48 60 136~153
22~23 177~189 10 44 54 99~111
24 to 25 153 to 156 8 40 48 81 to 84
26~27 120~123 7 38 45 51~54
28 to 30 103 to 108 6 36 42 37 to 42
If 50,000 larvae are to be raised, five groups of 1 larvae broodstock will be required. Based on this calculation, it is necessary to cultivate 50,000 seedlings to reach the fins until the fins can emerge, requiring 50 to 70 groups of head lice. According to the test, the fish spit in the tilapia mouth is also a good food for the eel fry. In the early feeding period, 1 to 2 tails were fed at each end of the day, and after each week, 6 to 7 tails of fish were fed. In order to increase the chances of squid feeding, feed 20 to 30 times the amount of bait fish. As the same batch of seedlings and membranes have a large time difference and the size of the eel seedlings is very different, special attention should be paid to feeding different specifications of bait fish to meet the feeding requirements of different sizes of carp seedlings. In addition, the growth of the bait fry is faster than that of the salmon fry. Therefore, intermittent feeding is required to ensure that the catfish can feed on the bait fish, and the number of bait fish can also be controlled to avoid excessive bait fish and affect the growth of the catfish.

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