High-yield peanut mid-term management
Peanut from the beginning to the first to see full fruit, is the most vigorous growth period in life. More than 60% of the pod yield is formed at this stage. Therefore, the scientific management of high-yield peanuts in the mid-fertility period is the key to achieving high yields. 1. Ingeniously chasing flowers and fruit fertilizers, striving to get more flowers and flowers, and improving the rate of results. Peanuts from the beginning of the flowering period to individual plantings, effectively opening up a large number of flowers, and a large number of fruit needles gradually ploughed into the soil. In this period, the lack of fertilizer reduces the amount of flowers. Affect the fruit needle into the soil. Therefore, basal fertilizer shortage or weak seedlings of the plot should be 667 square meters to recover urea 7.5 to 10 kilograms, superphosphate 10 to 15 kilograms, or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary compound 15 to 20 kilograms. It is beneficial to spend more fruits and ensure high yields. At the end of the pod population, the plant population entered the peak of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accounted for 42%, 50%, and 66% of the total absorption. At the same time, the absorption of calcium is also very urgent. Should adhere to the principle of lack of what to make up, if appropriate, top-dressing: If the leaves of the heart light yellow and small, leaf vein chlorosis, that is nitrogen deficiency, should be 667 square meters topdressing urea 5 ~ 7.5 kg; if the plants are stunted, the leaves were blue-green , And upward curling, is a lack of phosphorus, can be 667 square meters chase diammonium 7.5 to 10 kilograms, and foliar spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 50 kg / 667 square meters; if the leaves were dark green, dry edges , is potassium deficiency, should be 667 square meters chase potassium sulphate 10 ~ 15 kg, or plant ash 50 ~ 100 kg; if the plants grow slowly, the shell rate is high, due to calcium deficiency, especially the hills brown soil, should be 667 square The rice is traced to 40-50 kg of lime, which effectively supplements the calcium source, reduces the pH of the soil, and increases the yield and quality. 2. Timely watering and draining, increasing the number of full fruit, reducing the rate of rotten fruit peanuts from full bloom to full fruit, high temperature during this period, large plant body, soil evaporation and leaf transpiration increased, flower water consumption reached birthday The peak is sensitive to drought. The appropriate field capacity for this period is 60% to 70%. If it is less than 50%, the growth of stems and leaves will be affected and the amount of flowers will be reduced, resulting in less fruit and more pods. Therefore, soil moisture below 60% must be immediately watered to prevent drought. The watering method uses sprinkler irrigation or small water fast furrow irrigation, avoid flood irrigation. When spraying, pay attention to the degree of atomization to ensure even irrigation. The watering time should be in the morning or evening. The strong sunlight at noon and the high ground temperature can cause the rotten needles to rotten. When the wind speed is above level 4, stop watering and avoid falling. Peanuts have the characteristics of "not dry ground, no wet ground, no wet ground." If there is excessive rainfall or poor drainage during the flowering period to the full fruit period, if the soil water content exceeds 80% of the field water capacity, the lack of oxygen in the soil will affect the development of roots or pods and cause a lot of rot. According to the author's investigation, the corrupted plots in this period have a 25% increase in the rotten fruit rate and more than 1.2 rotten fruit per plant, with an average reduction of 30%. Therefore, it is necessary to clear the drainage ditch in time for the easy-to-land plots; in the hilly areas in the mountainous area, we must dig a good ditch below the ditch so that it can communicate with the ditch and peanut ditch. Both the clear water and the row of diving, not only solve the "half edge", but also to prevent the erosion of the soil, and the ground to collapse, so that light rain is not guilty, heavy rain is not a disaster. 3. Timely cultivation of soil, welcoming the needle under the fruit, fight for early results, fruit-filled fruit timely soil, shorten the distance from the fruit needle into the soil, and create loose environmental conditions for the development of pods. It is an important measure for the high-yield cultivation of peanuts, which is not only conducive to flood control and irrigation, but also to soil weeds. The key to soil cultivation is timely and premature. Because the plants are short, the fruit branches are easily injured by soil. In addition, weeds have not yet sprouted and are likely to cause grass shortage. If it is too late, then the time for the fruit needle to be inserted into the soil will be prolonged, which will be detrimental to the development of early pods and will increase the number of young fruit, pods and rot. Appropriate earthing time is: Peanut single flowering period, a few fruit needles have been buried, a large number of fruit needles before the soil. Earthing method: use a small sampan plate with grass ring, squat yanked, to do the string ditch does not hurt the roots, soil is not pressure vines, cultivated into a narrow groove, ridge fat concave concave m-shape, effectively promote the normal fruit has been seized Development, and to meet the conditions for the middle and upper parts of the fruit to create soil, in particular, should pay attention to the side of the earth, in order to give full play to edge advantage. 4. Prevent pests and diseases in a timely manner, protect the fruits and prevent premature senility Peanuts, cotton bollworms and leaf spot diseases are the key pests in the medium term. 1Prevent and control underground pests that are dominated by earthworms, dilute with 48% of Le Siben EC 200ml/667m 2 plus appropriate amount of water, mix well with 1kg of fine sand, or use 5% of phoxim granules 3kg/ 667 meters of gas to fine dry soil 1.5 to 2.5 kg after mixing, with the buried needle buried near the peanut. 2 Control of cotton bollworm, bridge-building insects, Spodoptera litura and other pests. When more than 30 larvae (eggs) are more than 30, and 30% are yellowish, and some individuals have hatched, they should be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis before the third instar of larvae. Or sprayed with high-osmotic avermectin 3.2 ~ 4.0 g / 667 square meters of water 60 ~ 75 kg, or with pyrethroid insecticide low-dose spray control. 3 The prevention and treatment of peanut leaf spot, when the main stem leaves generally reach 5% to 7%, 75% chlorothalonil 150g/667 square meters can be sprayed and controlled, at the same time, concurrent flower rust disease, but also can use jinggangmycin 100 g /667 square meters, or sulfur rubber suspension 15 to 20 kg, foliar spray. 5. Chemical control fell, control prosperous long, stable long peanuts, due to high fertility of high-yield plots, but also coincides with high temperature and rainy season, easily lead to leggy, resulting in late lodging and affecting yield. Therefore, when the main stem height exceeds 40 centimeters, or the first pair of collaterals is more than 8 knots, and the new festival is larger than 5 centimeters, when the main stem daily growth exceeds 1 centimeter, paclobutrazol 50 g/667 square meters should be promptly sprayed. 50 kilograms of water can effectively control leggy, prevent lodging and ensure high yield of peanuts.