Fertilization Technology for Standardized Production of Chinese Medicinal Materials
Fertilizer is an indispensable and important substance for the growth of medicinal plants. It plays an important role in promoting the growth and development of medicinal plants and improving yield and quality. However, we must pay attention to reasonable fertilization, and we must not use the traditional methods or fertilization methods of other crops. According to the relevant provisions of the “gap†standardized production of traditional Chinese medicine villages, the following points are summarized for the reference of the majority of farmers in production. 1. According to the variety characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines, due to different types, varieties, and stages of their growth and development, the types and quantities of nutrients required for fertilization of Chinese herbal medicines and the intensity of absorption of nutrients are not the same. Generally for perennial, especially rhizome-like medicinal plants, such as white peony, rhubarb, codonopsis, achyranthes, peony, etc., the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is mainly to increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, with the use of chemical fertilizers to meet the entire growth The need for nutrients for the cycle; for the whole herbaceous Chinese herbal medicines, nitrogen fertilizers may be added appropriately; for the Chinese herbal medicines of flowers, fruits and seeds, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. In different growth stages of Chinese herbal medicine fertilization is also different. In the early stage of growth, more nitrogen fertilizer is used, the amount used is less, and the concentration is lower; in the middle growth stage, the amount and concentration of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately increased; in the later growth stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used to promote premature fruit ripening. The seeds are full. 2. Fertilization according to soil properties (1) Sandy soil: Re-apply organic fertilizers such as manure, compost, green manure, and soil miscellaneous manure, add clay, thicken the soil layer, and increase its ability to retain water. Top dressings should be applied in small quantities, avoiding excessive use and loss. (2) Viscous soil: Organic fertilizer should be applied more, combined with sand and furnace ash slags, to loosen the soil, create pervious ventilation conditions, and apply fertilizers as quick-acting fertilizers and early-stage fertilizers to improve seedlings. Tree. (3) Double soil: This type of soil combines the advantages of sandy soil and clay. It is the most ideal soil for cultivation of most traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Fertilization is combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers, and can be reasonably applied according to the needs of various growth stages of cultivated varieties. 3. According to the weather Fertilization In low-temperature, dry seasons and regions, it is best to use decomposed organic fertilizers to improve the temperature and the ability to maintain earthworms, and fertilizers should be applied early and deep in order to give full play to the fertilizer effect. The combination of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, and topdressing fertilizer is favorable for early emergence of seedlings and robust growth. In high temperatures, rainy seasons and regions, fertilizers break down quickly, plant decomposition ability is strong, and topdressing should not be applied too early, and should be performed less frequently to reduce nutrient loss. 4. Principles of fertilization (1) Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used in combination. (2) Based on basal fertilizer, with top dressing and seed fertilizer. (3) Mainly farmyard manure, farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer are applied together. The use of chemical fertilizers on the basis of the application of farmyard fertilizers enables them to learn from each other, help each other, and increase their fertility. At the same time, it can increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and overcome the side effects of simple application of chemical fertilizers to improve the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.