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When the cows take a short break after delivery, they are fed 1~1.5kg of more easily digestible bran and add about 50~100g of salt to mix with the warm soup to make the cow drink, which can play a warm belly, hunger and increase abdominal pressure. The role. Cows are often thirsty at this time, and if they are not enough, they can modulate some supplements as appropriate. Do not drink cold water, drinking water temperature is appropriate to 37-40 °C. At the same time feed quality hay 1-2kg or let it freely feed. At this time, do not feed juicy feed and dregs feed. In the postpartum 2 to 3 days, high-quality hay is mainly used, supplemented with bran and corn 1 to 3 kg. After 4-5 days, gradually increase the concentrate, about 1kg per day, until the 7th to 8th days after delivery, the ration can reach the feeding standard for lactating cattle. To prevent digestive disorders caused by overfeeding and prematurely increase lactating activity of the mammary glands, it is advisable that the amount of concentrate be less than 1% of body weight. In the case of good breast swelling, it is possible to gradually increase the amount of silage and root feeds. After 8-15 days of postpartum dietary supplementation, the principle is to gradually increase the proportion of concentrates in dry matter by 50% to 55%, and concentrate feeds should account for 25% to 30%. The intensive feed is added to meet the increasing need for postpartum lactation.
According to statistics from 14 dairy farms in Beijing, the average weight loss of 1 500 to 2000 g per day within 15 days after delivery of a cow, and insufficient dietary energy will increase the negative balance of energy at this time. At the same time, the protein concentration in the diet should also maintain a high level, otherwise it will affect the efficiency of conversion of body fat into milk. When 15 days after delivery, the amount of silage fed should reach 15kg, 3-4kg of hay, 5-7kg of roots, and 8kg of waste. At this point, in addition to energy, protein, fat and other nutrients in a negative balance, the body calcium and phosphorus are also in a negative balance. Must be adequately fed Ca, P, and vitamin D. The amount of calcium per head per day is not less than 150g and phosphorus is not less than 100g.
For a long time in the post-perinatal period, more conservative feeding methods have been adopted. That is to say, the main signs and purposes of physical rehabilitation are to use nets of lochia and breasts to reduce swelling. In the feeding, it is conscious to reduce the dietary nutrient concentration, delay the time for feeding the concentrates, not feed the roots and other juicy feeds and dregs feeds, and avoid stimulating the mammary glands to accelerate the lactation, and worry about aggravating the degree of breast swelling. As a result, postpartum feed intake was low, which further exacerbated negative nutrient balance in the prolific lactation period; slow recovery of body mass, prolonged postpartum weight loss period, increased feed intake, reduced duration of negative nutrient balance and weightlessness period, and restoration of cow constitution. Fast, the incidence rate decreased significantly; the potential for lactation can be fully realized, the peak of lactation is advanced, and the milk yield during lactation is increased. However, attention must be paid to observing cows' digestive function, disappearance of breast edema, and lochia excretion, etc., and they should be flexible in keeping the animals, and should not be forced to adopt rigid standards or protocols.
0.5-1 h after delivery, milking should begin. According to research, milking in advance can help the discharge of postpartum tire clothing. Because of the heat massage stimulation before milking, it is caused by breast milk reflection, and the establishment of breast milk reflection is mainly the release of a large amount of oxytocin in the posterior pituitary, so it can strengthen the contraction of uterine smooth muscle and promote the discharge of the placenta. At the same time, milking ahead of time can also make early newborns drink colostrum early.
For the first milking of post-partum cows, it is first necessary to strengthen the cleansing, heating and massage of the breasts. Generally, the first to second squeezed milk should be discarded due to high bacterial count. The first milking avoids squeezing and maintains a certain amount of milk stored in the breast, as long as the calf can be extruded enough to eat about 2 kg. If the milk is squeezed out, it is particularly prone to cause postpartum cramps in high-producing cattle. Milking is about 1/3 of milk production on the second day, about 1/2 on the third day, and about 3/4 on the fourth day. 4, the fifth day can be all squeezed. Every time when milking, heat and massage should be strengthened, and the number of milking should be increased. The best milking should be performed more than 4 times a day, which can promote the rapid disappearance of breast edema. If it is found that there is slow swelling, you can also use 40% magnesium sulfate warm water to wash and massage the breasts to accelerate the disappearance of edema.
Generally about half a month after giving birth, the body can recover, the appetite is strong, digestion is normal, the breasts are swollen, and the lochia is drained. At this point, the delivery room can be adjusted to feed large groups.
Early lactation of dairy cows
Refers to the time within 15 days after delivery of the cow and is also commonly referred to as the postpartum period. At this time, cows should still be kept in the delivery room. Postpartum cows lack physical energy and weaken their digestive function. In particular, high-yield bovine udders show obvious physiological edema, and the reproductive tract has not recovered, and lochia is sometimes discharged. The purpose of feeding and management at this stage is to promote the recovery of the cow's constitution as soon as possible, lay a good physical foundation for the procreative period of the lactation, and it is not advisable to pursue the increase of production too quickly.