The apple brown spot mainly damages the leaves and can also infect the fruits and petioles.
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Symptoms: The diseased leaves are initially found on the lower part of the canopy and on the inner leaf. The diameter of the leaf is initially 0.2 to 0.5 mm solitary or several brown dots. The initial disease leaf is yellowish-brown and gradually expands to 10 ~ 25mm round lesions, dark brown center, surrounded by yellow, with a green halo, the central production of visible dark spots arranged in a rouleau, the pathogenic conidia plate; lesions of the central dark brown, surrounded by light brown; Some lesions were lancet-type, small lesions, was radial outward expansion of the needle, no fixed shape, micro uplift. The leaves gradually yellowed in the later period, and the diseased area and the back remained green and brown. The lesions are smaller than the lentigines.
Infestation cycle: The pathogens use hyphae, conidia discs or apical discs to overwinter on diseased leaves that fall on the ground. After spring and summer, the conidiospores and ascospores are produced and transmitted through wind and rain, invading from the front or back of the leaves to leaves. The back is dominant, the incubation period is 6 to 12 days, the drought year is 45 days, and the incubation period shortens with increasing temperature. The bacteria from invading to cause fallen leaves is about 13 to 55 days, the field starts from May to June, and the period from July to August enters the peak period and stops expanding in October.
In the years when the winter is not arid and the spring rains are early and many years, favorable diseases occur, especially in the years when the spring and autumn rainy seasons are advanced and the rainfall is large, the disease is endemic. From the perspective of tree vigor and tree age, the young trees of the same species are more resistant to diseases than the old trees; the same tree has higher incidence of fruiting branches than the fruiting branches in the current year, and the lower part of the canopy has earlier and more incidences than the outer and upper parts. This may be related to the canopy. The inside, the lower shade, the poor ventilation and light transmission, and the high humidity.
Control methods
1Strengthen cultivation and management, increase tree vigor, and increase tree disease resistance. The orchard with high soil viscosity or high groundwater level should pay attention to drainage and maintain appropriate soil moisture content; reasonably pruning should be used to make the canopy ventilate and transmit light to reduce the occurrence of diseases; remove the sources of overwintering bacteria. At the beginning of autumn and winter, the fallen leaves are removed and burned.
2 Chemical control: Available 1:2:200-fold Bordeaux mixture or 30% green-detergent suspension 300-500 times, 36% thiophanate-methyl (thiophanate-methyl) suspension 500 times, 70% Mancozeb WP can be 500 to 600 times liquid, 50% mixed sulfur suspension 500 to 600 times liquid, 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1000 to 1500 times, 10% Polaroid WP 1000~ 1500 times liquid, 64% anti-virus WP WP 500 to 600 times, 80% antibacterial agent 402 EC 800 to 1000 times, 60% anti-mildew ultrafine powder (carbendazim hydrochloride) 600 to 800 times, 50% Thiophanate Sulphur Suspension 800x. Spray time can be determined according to the onset period, generally after the flowering combination of powdery mildew or carivora spray the first time, after 20 days once, continuous control 3 to 4 times. Spraying 0.5 to 1% soy juice, "6501" adhesive 1000 times or leather 3000 to 4000 times liquid, can increase the liquid floating force and improve efficacy.
