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To improve the economic efficiency of orchards
I. Orchard "grass" and "grass cover" The orchard "grass" and "grass cover" are applicable to orchards with poor soil, poor fertility, and weather and temperature effects. Orchard "sowing grass" is to plant a certain amount of leguminous plants, grasses or pastures between the orchards and between plants. It can also naturally grow grass and manage fertilization, irrigation, etc., and grow grass to 20 At ~30 cm, the grass was harvested in stages, sun dried until it was half dry, buried under the canopy, and repeated year after year. The grass method can fertilize the soil, protect the soil, increase the yield and quality of fruit trees, and can also greatly reduce the amount of herbicide used. Orchard "mulching grass" refers to the harvested crop stalks (wheat stalks, corn stalks, etc.) or leaves, which are directly covered under fruit trees. The amount of grass cover per tree is based on the projected area of ​​the canopy, and the thickness of grass cover is generally 15 ~ 20 cm, a "covered grass" can be managed for 2 to 3 years. It can improve soil organic matter, improve soil physical properties, increase tree vigor, and increase the ability of fruit trees to resist cold during winter. It can effectively control the occurrence of diseases such as sunburn and red spider mites, and plant dwarf plants between fruit trees. Intercropping young fruit trees between strawberry and Chinese herbal medicines, or interplanting peanuts, soybeans, mung beans, adzuki beans in the summer, interplanting cabbage, carrots, kale, garlic, radish and other high-quality vegetables with good economic value in the autumn and early spring. It can not only increase the economic income of the orchard, but also accelerate the ripening of the soil, reduce the loss of water and fertilizer on the ground, promote the growth of fruit trees, realize the combination of land use and land-raising, and achieve the purpose of short growing. Such as Zaozhuang City, Shanting District Agriculture and Broadcasting College Ai Lake teaching practice base, between young fruit trees for strawberry, 667 square meters of strawberry production 1400 kg, the output value of up to 4,000 yuan. Third, the orchard clever use of grass ash and grass ash is a high quality potash fertilizer and soil loosening agent, can improve the drought resistance of fruit trees, green leaves and branches, enhance photosynthesis, reduce flower and fruit shedding, and promote flower and fruit color bright, improve fruit quality. At the same time, it is also the “nemesis†of fruit and tree diseases and insect pests, which can prevent early defoliation and prevent fruit tree diseases such as root rot and downy mildew. For example, using tree ash to prevent root rot in fruit trees is to loosen the soil near the roots of the fruit trees and gently remove the roots to expose the roots. Use a knife to scrape off the diseased skin on the roots and dry the roots for 2 to 3 hours before adding fresh grass ash. Sprinkle around the roots, and then cover the soil and bury it. After treatment, the root rot can be eradicated and new roots are released after 1 to 2 months. The normal functions of water absorption and fertilizer absorption by fruit trees are restored. Fourth, the use of coal waste fertilizer According to data show that the coal waste fertilizer moisture content of 39.5%, nitrogen 0.42%, phosphorus 0.48%, potassium 1.6%, containing 13% volatile solids, organic matter 24%, and contain other nutrients and Long-lasting fertilizer effect. In the areas where the soil is acidic, the application of coal waste fertilizer has the effect of improving soil structure, reducing soil acidity, increasing soil fertility, loosening the surface of the soil, and promoting the growth and development of fruit trees. If chemical fertilizers are mixed with coal waste, it can also reduce the leaching loss of chemical fertilizers, indirectly increase the fertilizer efficiency and enhance the absorption capacity of roots, and promote fast-growing, high-yield and stable production of fruit trees. 5. Orchards raising livestock and poultry orchards to raise livestock and poultry and conduct rational planting and breeding can be used in a complementary manner to greatly increase the economic efficiency of fruit farmers. Now to promote the use of: orchards chicken, pigs, geese, turtles and so on. Taking chicken as an example, chicken manure is a good fertilizer that can increase the fertility of soil in orchards and reduce fertilizer investment. Because chickens like to eat small insects, they can prey on a large number of pests on the ground and fruit tree stems; and pests and eggs of these pests, thus greatly reducing orchard pests, reducing the amount of medication, pesticides have less chance of residue. Coupled with the rich source of food in the orchard, chickens can eat a variety of insect live food, but also eat grass, etc., that save the feed, but also played the role of orchard weeding, but also enhance the chicken population, reduce the incidence of disease. In this way, the harmful components of pesticides and fertilizer residues are reduced to the minimum in fruit and chicken meat, so they are of good quality and high selling price. 6. "Pig (cattle) - marsh - fruit" ecological orchards produce biogas slurry and biogas residues from pig manure, fertilize biogas slurry and biogas residues to fertilize fruit trees, which can greatly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and change the weight of fruit fertilizers in the past. , greatly improve the quality of fruit, realize the "pig (cattle) - marsh - fruit" virtuous circle, the construction of "ecological orchard." In addition, the use of biogas slurry can also prevent fruit trees pests and diseases. If appropriate amount of biogas slurry is filtered and then clear liquid is sprayed, the control effect on spider mites is about 91%. Irrigation with biogas slurry can effectively prevent root rot of fruit trees.