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First, choose a good shelf cattle in the varieties to choose the best meat varieties such as Charolais, Simmental, Limousin and other local cattle hybrids best, if the choice of local cattle should Qinchuan, Jinnan Cows, Nanyang cattle, and Luxi cattle are preferred; for the sexes, bulls that are not castrated are to be purchased, aged between 1 and 2.5 years old, and weighing between 300 and 400 kilograms. The body is healthy and disease-free.
Second, disease prevention and deworming on the newly purchased shelf cattle to be a comprehensive inspection, the health of the injection of hoof vaccine, brucellosis vaccine, Clostridium perfringens vaccine, etc. can enter the polyculture, and before entering the feeding and fattening A total deworming. The method is: 4 capsules per 100 kg body weight of oral bustard capsules (containing 20mg of active ingredient), or 2ml per 100kg body weight of subcutaneous injection; may also be administered per kg of body weight, anti-creep sensitivity 5-7mg, or levorotatory Imidazole 6-8 mg to drive out a variety of parasites in the body. Where there is a liver fluke, denitrification can be performed with drugs such as nitroprusside. For ectoparasites, the bovine body can be sprayed with 0.3% peracetic acid, followed by a general wipe with 0.25% guanidine emulsion. 3 days after deworming, use artificial salt or other stomach and stomach medicine. In addition, the newly arrived cattle are susceptible to stress due to environmental changes, transportation, and frightening. They can add 0.5% salt and 1% red tang in drinking water, drink it for a week, and feed more grass or green. Hay, fed a small amount of bran two days later, gradually transitioned to feeding fertilizer. During the fattening process, attention should be paid to the observation of the feeding, excretion, and mental status of the cattle.
Third, the warm housing (shed) fattening If you are in the permanent cowshed or plastic film greenhouse sheds fattening, housing before feeding to do a good job cowshed maintenance, surrounded by wall holes, holes, gaps and windows to be blocked. Plastic greenhouses should use transparent plastic film. The cement or brick floor should be covered with grass and replaced frequently so that the temperature in the shelter can be kept above 5°C. After April, the weather is getting warmer. We must gradually increase the area of ​​open sheds. We must not remove all the plastics at one time to prevent cattle from catching colds.
Fourth, the scientific rearing shelf cattle fattening can be divided into three stages, namely the early fattening period (adaptation period), the middle fattening period (fertilizer transitional period) and the late fattening period (burst fattening period). It takes about fifteen days before the fattening. Mainly ammoniated straw and silage corn stalk are used as roughage, and combined with local actual feeding of concentrate feed. Feeding methods are: aminated straw or silage corn stalks are freely eaten, and the drinking water supply is adequate. Gradually feeding the concentrate from the second day, and then increasing rapidly. At the end of the previous period, the feed material can be fed up to about 2 kg per day. Or the mixed concentrate is weighed at 0.8% of body weight, an average of about 1.5 kg per day. Concentrate formula: corn flour 45%, wheat bran 40%, cakes 10%, bone meal 2%, urea 2%, salt 1%, in addition to two cod liver oil per kilogram of feed. The mid-finishing period is usually about 30 days. During the feeding process, it is necessary to pay attention to the reasonable combination of roughage. The ratio of rough coarse material at the beginning of the transition period is 3:1, the middle period is 2:1, and the late period is 1:1. The feed formula for this period was: cornmeal 6%, wheat bran 15.5%, peeled cottonseed cake 12%, maize straw powder 25.8%, bone meal 0.4%, shell powder 0.3%, salt 50g/ Head, vitamin A2 IU/head, feed once a day in the morning and evening, keep 4 to 5 kg/day, drink 2 hours after feeding. It takes about 45 days to finish the fattening. The diet should be based on concentrates. The amount of concentrate can account for 70% to 80% of the total diet, and provide high energy (60% to 70%), low protein feed (10% to 20%). , feed 1.5%-2% per 100kg of body weight, the ratio of crude concentrate is 1:2 to 1:3, appropriately increase the number of feedings per day, and ensure sufficient supply of drinking water. The feed formulation for this period is: cornmeal 2 to 3 kilograms, sugar residue 20 to 25 kilograms, distiller's grains 15 to 20 kilograms, silage straw 10 to 15 kilograms, salt 50 grams, 20 grams of mineral additives, feeding in the morning and evening; or With corn flour 56%, cottonseed cake 10%, wheat bran 8%, ammoniated wheat straw powder 23.5%, growth hormone 1%, salt 1%, sodium bicarbonate 0.5%, feed 6 to 7 per head per day kilogram.
Fifth, the rational use of weighting agents is currently commonly used mainly through the rumen weight gain agents, such as rumen (monenin), lasalocid and so on. Usually used in the form of additives mixed with the feed for oral use, generally 40-60 mg per kilogram of fine material mixed. The initial amount of feed can be lower, then gradually increase to the required amount. But no more than 360 milligrams per head per day can be given. In addition, there are chemical substances and hormones (plants). Application of weighting agents can increase the daily gain of beef cattle by 9.38% to 27.31%. In addition, the rational use of urea is very beneficial for cattle weight gain. Add 0.25 kg of slow-release urea additive per day. Urea and various additives can be fed during the night and can not drink water within 2 hours after feeding to prevent poisoning.
6. The most suitable ambient temperature for carefully managing cattle is 5 to 21°C. During the fattening period, a warm, quiet and comfortable environment should be created for cattle. Generally suitable for raising fattening. In addition to blizzard days, the burdock basks on the stakes outside the house every day from 8 am to 3 pm. Fixed beef rope should not be too long, 0.4 meters is appropriate. Brush the body 1 or 2 times a day to keep the body clean. The ventilation window on the top of the barn can be opened and closed at noon every day for 10 to 20 seconds. The manure is regularly removed every day to keep the barn clean, dry and ventilated, and protected from moisture. Feeding should be quantified regularly, 2 times a day, as early as 6 to 8 hours, 5 to 7 o'clock in the evening, each feeding 2 hours. Coarse and fine feed must be matched properly. Feeding should be followed by rough finishing, first feeding the hay, and then feeding the lees, then mixing the cornmeal with various additives and evenly feeding it. Daily drinking water 1 or 2 times, if the best conditions to drink milk with warm water, can also drink deep well water. Silage should be taken out and placed in the house on the first day of afternoon for preheating. It is forbidden to feed cows with moldy grasses in order to prevent disease.
7. Timely slaughter When the shelf cows are fattened for 2 to 3 months, when the cows weigh more than 500 kilograms, they need to stop the fattening and timely slaughter. There are two ways to determine the slaughter time: First, it is found that the cattle’s food intake is gradually reduced and can not be restored after feeding. Second, when the hand touches the lumbar angle or holds the root of the hand with a sense of fat, it means that the muscles are plump. Can be slaughtered.
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Spring beef cattle breeding technology
Shelf cattle are concentrated for 90 to 100 days to strengthen the fast fattening, with the characteristics of short feeding cycle, fast cash flow, high feed remuneration, low production cost, significant economic benefits, etc., and are greatly welcomed by farmers and professional cattle farms. In the spring, using shelf-fed fast fattening cattle, we must do the following aspects: