The optimum budding of fruit trees in autumn
Bud grafting is a commonly used grafting method in fruit production. It can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn, and is most suitable in autumn. The general survival rate can reach more than 90%. 1? It takes time to take advantage of the timely budding of autumn buds. The buds are caught too early, the sprouting development is not yet substantial, and the rootstocks are in the prosperous stage. The accumulated nutrients in the body are less, the bud survival rate is low, and the buds are prone to freeze damage after germination. The buds are too late to be easily peeled off, and then they are difficult to heal. , The survival rate is low. In the Yangtze River basin and its south areas, budding in September is more appropriate. 2. Select buds to select the buds in the middle section of the full and full buds for budding, the upper buds and the lower buds should not be used. Bud size should be appropriate, buds too small, the contact surface with the rootstock is small, difficult to survive afterwards; buds too large, easy to fold when inserted into the rootstock incision, resulting in poor contact, low survival rate. Take care to protect the bud pad or take a small amount of xylem when cutting buds. The buds are usually cut into shields or ring blocks, and the buds are about 1.5 to 2 cm long. The size of the buds around the ring blocks is as flexible as the size of the rootstock and budding buds. 3? Grasp grafting method Grafting, first deal with the rootstock, then cut buds, buds followed by picking, so as to avoid the survival of the bud water loss. Using "D" shape buds, first cut the "T"-shaped mouth 3 to 5 centimeters away from the ground, the depth to see the xylem, can peel the bark to degrees; then use the tip to carefully peel the root bark, the shield The buds with a stalked petiole were quickly embedded and tied with a plastic band that was 1 cm wide. Only the buds and petioles were exposed, and the width of the bandage was better than 1 to 1.5 cm above and below the incision. After budding, soil is 10 cm high. 10 to 15 days after the plane open soil, check the survival situation. If the buds are fresh and light green, the petioles touch and fall, indicating that they have survived, otherwise they do not survive and should be reconnected on the back of the rootstock. 4. Do a good job of managing the nursery stocks that will be harvested in the fall. After the spring of the spring, cut it 18 to 20 cm above the bud contact point and untie the ligatures. 3 to 4 prunings in the summer, cut branches from the rootstock. When the budding shoots are 8 to 10 cm long, they are tied to the live pile near the base; when they grow to 20 to 25 centimeters in length, they are tied again at the upper end. Until the grafting of lignification, cut off the live piles and continue to keep large seedlings in the field.