Facility cultivation is 3.5 times the yield of open-air cultivation. The development of facility agriculture is an effective technical project to solve the problem of my country's large population and small land restricting sustainable development. However, in recent years, the problem of unreasonable and unscientific use of chemical fertilizers in facility cultivation has become prominent, which not only causes waste of resources, but also affects the quality of fruits and vegetables. In order to accelerate the promotion of the technical model of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer for facility tomatoes, popularize scientific fertilization technology, improve fertilizer use efficiency, and promote the application of organic fertilizer to fields, the Plant Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, and the scientific fertilization expert of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural The steering group specially formulated this opinion. 1. "Organic fertilizer + formula fertilizer" model 1. Base fertilizer Before transplanting, apply 3-4 cubic meters of fully decomposed high-quality composted organic fertilizer such as pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, or 350-400 kg of commercial organic fertilizer (including biological organic fertilizer) per mu, and apply (18 -18-9 or similar formula) 30-40 kg formula fertilizer. 2. Top dressing In the seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, and fruit swelling stage, apply 6-10 kg of formula fertilizer (15-5-25 or similar formula) per mu each time, and apply it with water in 7-10 times. According to the harvest situation, top dressing is performed once every 1-2 times of harvest. 2. "Vegetables-Methane-Livestock" model According to the technical requirements of biogas fermentation, put the organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure, straw, vegetable residues into the biogas fermentation tank for fermentation and harmless treatment, and then separate the biogas residue and biogas slurry for application. The biogas slurry is applied directly into the garden using mechanized or semi-mechanized irrigation technology, and the biogas residue is used as base fertilizer in autumn and winter. 1. Base fertilizer Use 3.5-5 cubic meters of biogas residue per mu, or 3-4 cubic meters of fully matured high-quality composted organic fertilizer such as pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, etc., or 350-400 kg of commercial organic fertilizer (including biological organic fertilizer) , And apply 40-50 kg of formula fertilizer (14-16-15 or similar formula) at the same time. 2. Top dressing In the seedling stage and the initial flowering stage, the biogas slurry is applied at 0.5-1 cubic meters per mu. During the fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period, 0.5-1 cubic meters of biogas slurry and 5-8 kg of formula fertilizer (15-5-25 or similar formula) are applied per mu each time. Apply 5-8 times per growing season. 3. "Organic fertilizer + water and fertilizer integration" model 1. Base fertilizer Before transplanting, apply 3-4 cubic meters of fully decomposed high-quality composted organic fertilizer such as pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, or 350-400 kg of commercial organic fertilizer (including biological organic fertilizer) per mu, and apply (18 -18-9 or similar formula) 30-40 kg formula fertilizer. 2. Top dressing After planting, only irrigate for the first two times without fertilizing, and the irrigation amount is 15-20 cubic meters per mu each time. During the seedling period, it is recommended to apply 3-5 kg ​​of water-soluble fertilizer (20-10-20 or similar formula) per mu each time, and fertilize once every 5-10 days. The irrigation amount is 10-15 cubic meters per mu each time, totaling 3 -5 times. Application of water-soluble fertilizer (19-8-27 or similar formula) per mu each time during the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period is 2 to 3.5 kg, and the irrigation volume is 5-15 cubic meters per mu, once every 7-10 days, for a total of 10 -15 times. Note that the frequency of irrigation and fertilization is higher in the early period of autumn and winter (August to September), while the frequency of irrigation and fertilization is higher in the fruit expansion period (April to May) in winter and spring. 4. "Straw bioreactor" model 1. Construction of straw bioreactor Build built-in reactors in late autumn, winter, and early spring. If you are not restricted by the stubble, you should do it 10-20 days before the crops are planted, water and drill for use. Can be built and used in late spring and early autumn. Built-in reactor under the row: At the planting row position, dig a ditch 70 cm wide and 20 cm deep, fill the ditch with straw, spread it evenly and steadily, fill the straw with a height of 30 cm, and let part of the straw out of the ground at both ends , Sprinkle 150-200 kilograms of cake fertilizer and the bacteria mixed with wheat bran on the straw evenly, then tap it again with a shovel to let part of the bacteria leak into the lower layer and cover the soil with 18-20 cm. Pour big water between the rows to soak the straw so that the water surface reaches three-quarters of the height of the ridge. After 3-4 days of watering, drill 3 rows of holes with 14# steel bar on the planting row, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, the hole spacing is 20 cm, and the depth of the holes is subject to the penetration of the straw layer, waiting for planting. Built-in reactor between rows: Between the rows, dig a ditch with a width of 50-60 cm and a depth of 15 cm. Put the soil culture on the back of the ridge, or put both ends, fill the prepared straw into the ditch and spread it evenly , Practical, 25 cm high, let part of the stalks out of the ground at both ends, evenly sprinkle the strains mixed with wheat bran on the stalks, pat it again with a shovel, let part of the strains leak into the lower layer and cover the soil with 10 cm . Water soak the straw, and then punch holes in time. Precautions: First, the amount of straw should be matched with the amount of bacteria, 1 kg of bacteria per 500 kg of straw. Second, do not flush chemical pesticides when watering, especially ban flushing fungicides, but pesticides can be sprayed on crops to prevent pests and diseases. The third is watering mainly between the rows. Drill holes in time for 4-5 days after watering. Use 14# steel bar to make a hole every 25 cm, to the bottom of the straw. After the hole is blocked, punch again. , Also punch holes in the mulch. Each punch should be 10 cm away from the previous punch. During the growth period, keep punching once a month. The fourth is to reduce the frequency of watering. Generally, if you water 2-3 times for conventional cultivation, you only need to water once with this technique. If conditions permit, the effect of using micro-irrigation to control water to increase production is the best. When the stalks are soaked in the first watering, do not water the large water when planting, only water the small seedlings. 2. Base fertilizer 30-40 kg of formula fertilizer (18-18-9 or similar formula) is applied per mu, and the application method is point application. 3. Top dressing In the seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, and fruit expansion stage, 6-10 kg of formula fertilizer (15-5-25 or similar formula) is applied per mu each time. Apply 7-10 times. According to the harvest situation, top dressing is performed once every 1-2 times of harvest. 8 Inch Face Access Control,8-Inch Touch Screen Access Control Device,8 Inch Face Recognition Attendance Access Control,Face Recognition Attendance Access System Shenzhen Bio Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.huifantech.com
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