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Special rare bird - Mallard duck breeding
1. Current Farming Profile Currently, the wild ducks reared in China are mainly mallards. Mallards, also known as big ducks and official ducks, are ancestral birds, geese, ducks, and ducks. They are the ancestors of domestic ducks and are distributed throughout the world. For many years it has been the main object of people's hunting. With the changes in the ecological environment and the frequent occurrence of human economic activities, the number of wild mallards is declining. As a result, the wild mallards have begun to domesticate and domesticate one after another. The earliest start was in the United States and Germany. In the 1980s, China introduced the domesticated mallards from the United States and Germany. Since then, after introduction, domestication, and adaptability testing, China, on its original basis, has developed its own wild duck breed, the West Lake Wild Duck, through a cross with wild wild mallards in China. The prelude to the large-scale feeding of wild ducks in China. South China is known for feeding waterfowl, and many excellent waterfowl breeds also originate from Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Entering the late 1990s, along with the launch of China’s waterfowl project and the development of the waterfowl deep processing industry, it also led to the promotion of the wild duck breeding industry from the south to the north, and gradually formed a number of duck duck production and processing. Comprehensive enterprise. According to statistics from 2001, there are nearly 200 million ducks in the country each year, of which 80% are concentrated in Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang. By the trend of interest and irregular market operation in 2002, the wild duck breeding industry in China has been heated up, exceeding the market demand. The price of commercial mallard ducks can only be maintained at around RMB 10 yuan, and the wild duck breeding industry is at the low profit stage for the first time. By 2003, the mallard market began to pick up slowly, maintaining a gentle development trend and gradually entering the track of industrial development. In the spring of 2004, due to the impact of bird flu, the mallard duck market once again experienced a landslide. However, by the end of May, the prices of wild ducklings have picked up again. It is expected that the price of mallard ducks will be equal to that of the previous year. 2. Introduction of wild duck breeds and production performance The wild ducks reared by artificial breeding are mainly mallard ducks, and their production performance has been improved to different extents compared with the wild state. Male domesticated Mallard ducks are 50-60 cm in length and 1.38-1.57 kg in body weight; female ducks are 50-56 cm in length and weigh between 1.32-1.62 kg. Male ducks can reach sexual maturity at 120-140 days of age and can participate in breeding at 150 days of age. Female ducks begin to lay eggs at 140-160 days of age. The average annual egg production is about 100 eggs, and the highest ones can reach 150 eggs. The egg-to-egg ratio during laying was 3.5-3.8:1, and the average egg weight was about 63 grams. When the ratio of male and female ducks is 6-8:1, the fertilization rate of the breeding eggs can reach over 90%. Even in the hot summer, the fertilization rate can be kept above 85%. The hatching rate of the fertilized eggs can be kept at 85%. The above; the survival rate in the rearing period is above 96%, and the commercial mallard can weigh up to 1.2 kg in 70-80 days of age. The feed ratio of commercial mallards was 3.7:1, and the slaughter rate and total net slaughter rate were 91% and 77%, respectively. 3. Biological characteristics and economic value of mallards Mallards, like ducks, have the habit of feeding, playing, and mating in the water. Therefore, having a vast water area and a good water source is a prerequisite for raising ducks. The Mallard is adaptable and resistant to cold and can guarantee normal growth and reproduction performance in northern China. Wild ducks also belong to seasonal breeding animals, and have a strong rhythm. Once conditioned reflexes are established, it is best not to change them lightly. After the avoidance, the ducks are disturbed. Mallard is a meat-type waterfowl, its slaughter rate is significantly higher than Beijing duck. A female duck can produce 90-110 eggs during an egg laying period, and the average egg weight is about 63 grams. The annual production of domestic ducks in northern China is only about 60 eggs. Mallards are more tolerant to rough feeding, and the combination of grazing and supplementation can save 15%-20% of the cost of feed more completely. Wild ducks are also more gregarious and suitable for intensive rearing. They are used as eco-tourism for hunting and viewing rare birds and are a new business idea for modern breeding wild ducks. In addition, the wild duck's fine feather and warmth is a good raw material for developing down products. 4. Problems to be Solved when Feeding Wild Ducks The scaled rearing of mallards has only just begun in China. In the next few years, attention should be paid to the following issues: (1) Ensure proper hatching conditions; ducklings of wild ducks hatch slightly longer than ducks For 0.5-1 days, the incubating temperature can be the same as that of domestic ducks in the early stage, but in the later period, especially during the hatching period, the relative humidity in the incubator should be increased and ventilation and ventilation should be taken care of. In addition, the ducklings of the mallard ducks have poor self-propelled shelling ability, and they are required to implement midwifery on young chicks that are difficult to break shells. (2) Prevent the brooding environment from being excessively humid; ducklings like to gather around the drinking fountain to play with water, so care should be taken to separate the drinking fountain from the bedding or heat source to prevent excessive humidity in the brooding environment. It is best to have a floor drain in the brooding room where conditions permit. Excessively moist environment will often cause moldy grass, mold, and cause ducklings to appear tears, blindness or diarrhea. Serious people can also cause death. (3) The temperature of brooding should not be too high: The ducklings of young ducklings should have strong adaptability. At the age of 1-3 days, the brooding temperature should be maintained at 29°C. After that, the temperature should be lowered by 1°C every two days, and when the outside temperature is higher than 20°C after two weeks. It can be warmed, but it must be warmed up at night. Wild ducklings are usually fully deinsulated around the age of 3 weeks. Preheating is too early, absorption of yolk is incomplete, duckling development is often delayed, growth is blocked, and resistance is low. (4) Pay attention to keeping the breeding environment relatively quiet: Wild ducks are more alert during the breeding period. Unexpected stimuli can easily lead to a decrease in the fertilization rate of the egg, a malformation of the hatching eggs, or a miscarriage of the mallard duck. Therefore, in the daily work, other animals should be prevented from entering the duck house and preventing excessive noise stimulation.