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Soft-shelled turtle breeding technology
The healthy breeding of soft-shelled turtles is based on the rational nutrition requirements of turtles, scientific farming patterns and correct disease prevention techniques. It mainly focuses on the four aspects of artificial breeding, greenhouse cultivation, pond breeding, water, bait, and defense. It does reduce seedlings, feed, medicine, labor, and management costs, raises the rate of three, and reduces the cost of breeding. ,Improve economic efficiency. Artificial breeding In addition to the selection of high-quality pro-grossings from wild turtles, it is now a method of self-cultivation. In order to prevent self-propagation of precocious puberty, inbreeding, poor germplasm cause congenitally deficient seedlings, small size, slow growth, increased disease, increased difficulty in breeding, increased risk of breeding. It is worth noting that: (1) Do not select large-scale deceased people in their current year as relatives. You should pick and train them from the newly hatched ones. (2) Parents should come from different regions. (3) Indigestible feeds should be based on live feeds such as loach, animal organs, vegetables, fruits, etc. (4) During hibernation, it is necessary to maintain the stability of the water body and also to periodically adjust some of the water to prevent onset or death due to excessive alarm or insufficient dissolved oxygen and excessive harmful substances. (5) Disinfect water regularly to improve water quality. (6) In the middle and late April of the following year, when the temperature of the water rises to 18°C, as long as it is found that the relatives have ended hibernation, prompt feeding and feeding should be conducted to accelerate the recovery of the physical strength. 2. Artificial breeding 1 fertilized eggs choose a large, shiny, obvious point of fertilization. 2 There are three kinds of emission of fertilized eggs: loose, tower, and layer. From the perspective of management and occupation area, the layer type and tower type are better than the bulk type. One box can hold 100 fertilized eggs, 300 layers can be placed, and 350 can be placed in the tower. 3 Incubation matrix can be used for river sand, sponge, etc. Sponges can be easily inspected compared to river sand. 4 temperature control is generally 28 ~ 30 °C is appropriate, the temperature is too low incubation time is too long, the temperature is too high will affect the post-cultivation. 5 humidity control Air humidity is generally about 80% is appropriate (dry, humidity, a difference of 2 °C), matrix moisture sand moisture content of 7 to 8%, sponge hand not water is appropriate; early slightly dry, late slightly wet. Artificial breeding After the shell is hatched, it is very young when it is hatched. It should not immediately enter the pool. It should be placed in a smooth ceramic or plastic basin and held in fresh water. Always change the water and remove the umbilical cord in time. 12-24 hours. After the baby's umbilical cord is completely detached and contracted, it is put into a holding pond for rearing. Before entering the pool, the umbilical cord should be completely removed. This type of fistula itself is of poor quality and can easily cause rickets. If it is raised together, it will increase the chance of causing infectious diseases and cause large losses, which is not worth the candle. There is no need to feed any feed at this stage. 2. Juveniles may be temporarily raised for 30-50 days if they have conditions. The juvenile custodial density is generally 50-100/M2, and the average size is 25g or more. It is worth noting that: Chinese sturgeon has a stable population. If a new seed is added to a stable group, it will cause intense biting for up to 3-5 days. Not only will the newly-introduced seed not feed, but the original group will also be disturbed and the food intake will increase. Sudden decline, and easily lead to disease. Therefore, it is unscientific and unacceptable to batch and grade seedlings. General requirements before entering the pool for routine disinfection, disinfection time should not be too long, 5-10 minutes for the degree, too long and easy to tear each other bite, scratch caused by disability, common disinfection drugs are: A. Potassium permanganate sterilization ability, However, it is irritating, improper control of concentration and time can damage the skin, and the water is full of phlegm, it is easy to drown, cause respiratory tract burns. B. Salt and baking soda mixture can sterilize and sterilize, but wolfberry is sensitive to salt, the safe concentration is only 1.1 ‰, so use carefully and carefully. C. Coprinus is mild, but hardly soluble in water, with a splash concentration of 5-8 PPM and a soak concentration of 20-30 PPM. D. Long purple bile (Purple water) has bactericidal, astringent, healing effect, with 3% purple syrup, 1:100 disinfection effect is better. E. Other seed disinfectants should be used according to the instructions. The seedlings in the same pool should be seedlings that are on the same day. 3. Greenhouse cultivation 4. The outdoor breeding room is raised to the middle or late June. When the outside water temperature is stable above 26°C, it can be moved to the outside for breeding. There are many other modes besides the breeding mode, such as polyculture of fish gills, polyculture of snails, etc. Turtle polyculture, mixed polyculture of shrimp, co-cultivation and other dishes. Feeding management methods are basically the same as indoor breeding. Disease prevention and cure 1. Disease prevention 1 When entering the pond or catching earthworms at ordinary times, routine disinfection should be performed. 2 Each stage should be targeted for prevention based on the prevalence of the disease. Such as: juvenile period should be mainly to prevent white spot disease, vitiligo; greenhouse grown to 200 grams / only should be pre-preservative dermatophytosis; indoor breeding and the greenhouse before the main prevention of perforation. Regular feeding of baits, usually once a month, it is best to use Chinese herbs, as little as possible with antibiotics. Chinese herbal medicines such as blackcurrant, honeysuckle, wild chrysanthemum, three yellow powder, Houttuynia cordata, Portulaca oleracea, Herba Euphorbia, plantain, earthworm, dandelion, etc. have anti-inflammatory detoxification, antibacterial effects; gallnut has anti-fungal, bacterial Role; Banlangen, Folium, Andrographis, etc. have antiviral effects. At the same time, some Chinese herbs have a variety of effects. Strict management, scientific feeding and control of water quality. Inactivated vaccine injection and soaking. 2. Prevention and treatment of common diseases (1) Symptoms of watery mildew: The surface of the body is long-gray, white, and flocculent mycelia, which is soft and thick and prone to turmoil. Control methods: 1 Water temperature gradually increased to about 30 °C. 20.4 ~ 0.5 ‰ salt and baking soda mixture Quanchiposa. 330 ~ 40mg / l formalin Quanchiposa. 40.5 mg/l malachite green Quanchiposa. (2) The symptoms of leukoplakia: Spots were spotted at the beginning and gradually enlarged to form plaques, which were particularly evident in water. Microscopy showed mycelia. Control methods: 1 with sunlight. 250-100 mg/l formalin Quanchiposa. 310 mg/l bleaching powder spilled across the pond. 4 can use the product of the specific drugs. (3) Symptoms of white spot disease: White spots appear on the surface of the body and the protrusion is not obvious. It can be lifted into pieces and caves appear. It can easily cause a large number of deaths. Control methods: 1 Erythromycin 10 mg/l or oxytetracycline 15 mg/l Quanchiposa. 2 Gentamicin 150,000 IU/kg body weight/day orally, 6 days a course of treatment. 3 can use product specific drugs. (4) Symptoms of rotten skin: The body surface festers, blood leaks out, severe limbs, head and neck ulcers exposing bones, and finally die. Control methods: 1 Pioneer or erythromycin ointment smear the affected area. 2 oral Chinese herbal medicine: Houttuynia, Banlangen, honeysuckle, wild chrysanthemum and other 60g/50kg body weight. 3 chlortetracycline, streptomycin 10mg / l bath. Oral sulfa drugs 2g/kg feed. Days. (5) Perforation symptoms: Spot-like necrosis or perforation of the back of the bone. Control methods: the same as skin disease. Can also use special drugs. (6) Symptoms of bell-shaped worms: Similar to hydropodium, but the bell-shaped worms have bifurcations and the color can change with changes in water color. Control method: 110010mg/l formalin. 20.5 mg/lznso4. 3 special drugs. (7) symptoms of red floor disease: plastron, floor redness, swollen, and even rot, exposed bone plate, antifeedant, unresponsive. Control methods: 1 Intramuscular injection of 150,000 Iu antibiotics after immersion in 1 mg/l “Duanjingâ€. 2 prevention can be used Banlangen, rhubarb, honeysuckle, astragalus to be Chinese herbal mixture and the right amount of Vc, Ve. (8) Symptoms of ammonia poisoning: bleeding from the extremities, diarrhea, ulceration, or blisters. Control methods: Completely change the water.