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Six Problems to Be Paid Attention to in Raising the Effect of Fish Feed Farming
With the development of fishery science and technology, the nutritional ingredients of compound feed are comprehensive and reasonable, good palatability, little loss of waste, convenient feeding, and high feed rewards, and have gradually been recognized and accepted by a large number of farmers. In the grassroots survey, the author found that the use of compound feeds for aquaculture animals has a very different effect. The reason for this is that during the process of selecting and using compound feed, some important issues have been overlooked. The following analysis is provided for farmers' reference. First, the quality of feed Many farmers in the choice of feed, the first consideration is the feed price rather than quality. The use of cheap, low-quality feeds has reduced the cost of feed, but the cost of fish, shrimp stimulation, water quality pollution, and drug use are even greater, which is not worth the candle. This is also the most common misunderstanding in current aquaculture production. For example, ponds raise squid with rapeseed cake. The study found that less than 20% of the rapeseed cakes were ingested, and the remaining 80% became fertilizer. Because the rapeseed cake is ecologically converted in water, it can be used by fish. Therefore, the efficiency is high. Less. Another example is that some feed manufacturers have used feather powder instead of fish meal as an animal protein source in order to force high profits. Although the protein content is high, the cultured fish and shrimp have little digestion and absorption, causing the feed coefficient to increase and the breeding efficiency to decline. . Therefore, the selection of branded feed products with relatively stable product quality is more efficient and profitable than the use of raw material feeds (cakes, cereals, bran, etc.) and homemade pellet feeds. Second, the feeding behavior of domesticated and transferred fish, shrimp and other aquatic animals is affected by conditioned reflexes and is selective for feed. It must undergo domestication for a period of time when feeding compound feeds and changing feed types and specifications. Through domestication, the cultured fish and shrimps are habitually formed and spotted and grabbed. For example, machine feeds should be eaten within 50 cm of the water, avoiding the loss of nutrient components. In addition, during the process of catching food, Can promote the digestive system of fish, shrimp secretion of a large number of digestive enzymes, while the surface of the water dissolved oxygen is sufficient to facilitate the digestion and absorption of feed. Taming method: choose a place that is quiet, convenient to feed, deep in water, and conducive to the rapid concentration of fish and shrimp is a feeding station or a feeding bait machine. Artificial taming, 3 to 4 times a day, about 1 hour each time, require less Caesar spread; feeding machine to tame food, began to adjust the feed rate is reduced, can see the fish, shrimp increase in the water when feeding Feed rate. After 5 to 7 days of patient taming, it is finally possible to determine the feeding time and feed rate for each day. Third, the use of feeding bait using automatic feeding bait bait saving time and effort, can reduce the labor burden. However, some growers are often misused. On the one hand, large ponds only use 1-2 bait feeders and are installed at one end of the pond. At the other end, fish and shrimp have just swept into the drop-out area and have not yet eaten. Feed, it will automatically shut down; on the other hand, regardless of how the fish and shrimp are fed during the boot, the machine will feed bait. When the fish does not eat, the machine will still cast and the feed will sink. This will not only cause food waste but also bad water. Therefore, the installation of feeding machine should be based on the size of the pond, determine the number of bait feeders installed in each pond, and adjust the distance and time to spread the good distance; choose a suitable location, should face the open surface of the fish, shrimp pond; The water level should be deep so that fish and shrimp can snatch food. At the same time, observe and constantly check the food and fish, the growth rate, whether there are residual baits and fish diseases at the bottom of the food table, and adjust the feeding amount in time. IV. Dissolved oxygen and dissolved oxygen in water is an important factor influencing the food intake of farmed fish and shrimp, and the digestion and absorption rate after feed intake, as well as the growth rate and bait factor (the amount of feed required for producing 1 kg of aquatic products). According to relevant data, the fish's bait coefficient at dissolved oxygen of 3mg/L is double that at 4mg/L, and the growth rate of fish at 7mg/L of dissolved oxygen is grown at dissolved oxygen of 4mg/L. The fish is 20% to 30% faster, and the bait coefficient is 30% to 50% lower. When the amount of dissolved oxygen in water reaches 4.5mg/L or more, the appetite enhancement of fish and shrimp is extremely obvious; when it reaches 5mg/L or more, the bait coefficient reaches the best value. In the current aquaculture process, the level of dissolved oxygen in the water often fails to meet the requirements and affect feed remuneration. Therefore, in order to ensure that the breeding animals have the best limit to the use of the feed to achieve sufficient growth, the dissolved oxygen in the water should not be less than 5mg/L ~ 7mg/L. Therefore, in the high-yield, high-density culture, we must consider installing an aerator, and in the breeding process should always determine the dissolved oxygen index, take the water for water, improve the bottom quality, use aerators and other measures to achieve adequate dissolved oxygen , conducive to digestion and absorption, reduce the purpose of the bait coefficient. Fifth, the bottom of the pond through the bottom of cultured fish and shrimp, generally have decomposed baits, dead animal carcasses, harmful gases (such as biogas, etc.) and heavy metals and other harmful substances. Cultured fish and shrimp in a poor water environment are prone to irritation and are prone to infection. According to experiments, after the occurrence of disease, fish and shrimp generally have to stop growing for five to fifteen days, that is, during the onset and treatment period, the feed to be fed will be wasted. Therefore, before the stocks are stocked, the excessive silt at the bottom of the pool must be removed, and the ponds should be frequently observed, grounded, and inspected, and changes in water quality and sediment quality should be observed, and water quality improvers (such as zeolite powder, activated carbon, etc.) should be used. Pottery clay, photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria, etc.), periodically perform physical and chemical indicators testing and analysis, and found that timely treatment of problems, so that the pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, etc. in the water are within a good control range . VI. Control of Wild Fish In the enrichment of fish and shrimp ponds, it is difficult to avoid mixing some wild fish, shrimp or eggs when adding water, changing water, and throwing grass. They breed in the pond and compete with the farmed fish and shrimp. , fight for oxygen and compete for space. According to the survey, the average fish and shrimp pond per mu have 25kg of wild fish and shrimp at the time of harvest. Assume that the feed coefficient is 1.5, and the feed fee consumed is 150-200 yuan per mu. Therefore, before the stocks are stocked, the ponds must be completely disinfected, and the water must be filtered through the dense meshes. The water should be sterilized when feeding the plants to prevent them from being mixed with wild fish, shrimp and fertilized eggs.