China Agriculture Network () Official WeChat public account: zgnyweixin Sweeping Attention to WeChat Understanding Agricultural Affairs Laying Hens Cage,Poultry Hen Equipment,Laying Birds Cage H Type Layer Cage Co., Ltd. , http://www.nspoultryequipments.com I. Overview Pitaya is a perennial genus of the triangular column of the cactus family. It is an emerging fruit with good health effects. Native to the western equator near the equator, tropical rain forest areas in Central America. This determines its biological characteristics:
1. Heat resistant, not resistant to low temperatures. The ability to withstand 40-50 °C, and below 8 °C, there are different degrees of cold damage, below 0 °C will freeze to death.
2. It does not come from tropical rainforests in dry hot deserts, so "nature" is not like drought and hi wet. Its roots are not resistant to flooding, not to water, but not to oxygen. This determines its cultivation characteristics, requires no deep planting and should be shallow, drainage is convenient, and it is best to maintain a layer of loose, breathable and wet cover on the surface, such as litter or growing weeds, following the growth conditions of its ancestors. , so that the roots of aerial roots can be stretched in shallow water near the ground to absorb water.
Many readers are still relatively unfamiliar with dragon fruit, but they are more familiar with sword flowers. In fact, both belong to the same family and belong to the same plant. The triangular columnar shape of the stem and the size and shape of the flower are very similar, except that the Jianhua is light and flowering is not strong (self-pollination, since the variety pollination is not true), and its flowers and dried products are used as food; Dragon fruit is more likely to self-pollinate and pollinate, producing a spherical or long-circle red peel fruit. The flesh is soft and smooth, and the seeds are like fine sesame seeds scattered in pulpy (prickly) flesh without affecting the taste and texture.
Pitaya flowers are insect-like flowers that, like all cactaceae, bloom for the night until the next morning. In the evening before the sun set, the bees could drill into the pollination and pollination. The next morning, they could collect and pollinate again, and the corolla gradually became soft and sagging at noon.
Second, the variety depends on the color of fruit flesh into three sub-species of red, white and yellow dragon fruit, of which red dragon fruit varieties are the most. According to information, as early as the seventeenth century, the Dutch introduced dragon fruit to Taiwan, but introduced a variety of self-cultivation. Later it spread to become a wild state and was called "Fanhua" in Taiwan. This type of flower, and Guangdong is known as the squid, is the same thing, really cause interest is worth exploring. Afterwards, the French introduced the variety of self-fruited dragon fruit to Vietnam and gradually spread it through artificial cultivation. Guangdong Gaoming Jinkuizi Technology Co., Ltd. introduced three varieties a few years ago. Two of them are red meat varieties. One of the skins is rose-red. The flesh is deep purple, and the sweet taste is suitable for the taste. The self-flower can be strong and the fruit shape is slightly longer. Another stem is thick grayish green wax powder, rapid growth, early flowering and more, said to be said that the Mexican variety, but unfortunately basic can not be self-pollination, such as bees and other pollinating insects, it depends on artificial pollination, pollination at night It's too inconvenient, so we don't promote this variety. However, if it can actually pollinate it, it will result in exceptionally high yields. Fruit-shaped gardens and flesh-and-flesh are all red (dark red) and dark. The third is a white meat variety, which has a high rate of self-cultivation, a long fruit shape, and a long pod on the fruit. It is not easy to dry, and its fruit shape is beautiful. The skin color is lighter than that of rose skin-colored red dragon fruit.
The above three varieties have different shapes in the shape of stems, short stabs on stems, and shapes of buds and flowers. They can be distinguished only by careful observation. From May to November, they successively carried out multiple batches of budding, flowering results and maturation. Different seasons from young buds to flowering, from flowering to fruit ripening, all took 30-40 days, three generations of the grandchildren and their buds, Spending "five generations together", the fresh fruit supply period lasted more than six months.
The name of dragon fruit varies from place to place and varies from flesh color. Red meat subspecies called red dragon fruit, white meat subspecies called Yulong fruit, yellow meat subspecies called Huanglong fruit. However, some scholars in Taiwan believe that Westerners do not like the name dragon. Therefore, Dragon fruit should be referred to as Pitaya fruit for export to Europe and the United States. The "celestial" shows the cactus family. "Honey" is a word of praise rather than honey. Red and white meat pitaya contains more than 10-15% sugar (soluble solids), and its sugar content is mainly glucose (about 73.5%) which is easy for humans to absorb and has a lower sweetness, and the sweetness is high. Fructose accounts for approximately 26.5% of sucrose. Due to its high moisture content (83-84%), the flesh inlet gives a sweet and smooth pleasant feeling.
What kind of variety is good in an orchard? Be sure to plant more than two varieties. The purplish red dragon fruit, although capable of self-pollination (intraspecific pollination), but the seed setting rate is not high enough. If white pollinated pollen is pollinated, it has been proved that not only the seed setting rate is high, but also the fruit size is increased. Therefore, red and white flesh species are best to be interleaved, in a 2:1 or 3:1 configuration. Mainly red meat (because it has many uses of natural red pigments), supplemented by white meat.
Third, the dragon fruit cultivation and scaffolding characteristics must be set to support growth, flowering results and management of harvest. The stent should be firm, resistant to pressure and wind; it must be resistant to soil corrosion; but also consider the cost. According to practice, there are three kinds of brackets to choose from.
1, reinforced concrete pillar independent bracket. The 2m-long square reinforced concrete column has a thickness of 11-12cm square, 0.5m buried in soil and 1.5m above ground. The top has 6-7cm steel bars protruding so that it can be welded with a column-centered steel cross disk with a diameter of about 0.7m. The column spacing is 3m (row spacing) 2- 2.5m (plant spacing), about 111-89 columns/mu. Each of the four sides of the column is planted with 1 seedling. The seedlings are tied to the air and artificially bound. The stem climbs up to the top along the column, and then it stretches on the iron ring to spread around. Only the drooping branches are easy to bud. Old tyres can be placed on the rims to avoid overheating or fracturing. The strength of the cement column is good, and it is independent of ventilation and light transmission, but it must be buried in a solid manner, and the pendulous vines are evenly distributed (artificially assisted) so as not to tilt.
2, galvanized iron rectangular row bracket. According to the row spacing of 3m, a row of wooden stakes are struck, and the thickness, fastness and corrosion resistance of the stakes are kept as a principle for at least maintaining the growth of dragon fruit for more than one year. Column distance 1m, height 1.2-1.4m, planting two fruit seedlings. After the planting, a durable galvanized iron pipe (water pipe) bracket was set up to use a pipe with an outer diameter of 2.5 cm. The feet are set to 0.5m on both sides with stakes as the center, that is, the width of the frame is 1m. It can be used to make legs, but also can use 7-8cm square cement pillars (with steel) to do feet, which will be more durable. The burial depth is firm and the buried pipe should have a concrete pier base. The height above the ground is still 1.5m, and the stand-off distance is 2 -2.5m (according to the strength of the pipe and the growth of the plant), and the pipes are welded horizontally and vertically between the tops of the feet. Within one year after planting, the height of the seedling stems and the branching of the seedlings must be artificially guided to the sides of the pipe racks at all times to allow the row racks to bear heavy pressure. Rows of stents are easier to manage and yields are higher. Jinkui Subsidiary grows in this way, followed by column-type brackets. Rows of planting should pay attention to planning north-south direction, so that both sides receive light evenly.
3, cross reinforcement group stent. Wang Kuangguang, a physician from Taiwan abandoned the practice of years of cultivation of dragon fruit from farmers, and considered this stent to be the most ideal. The method is to use crude 5 points (1.7cm) bamboo reinforced steel, cut into two kinds of growth 2m and 3.2m. The former was used as a stand, and two steel bars were tapped into the soil 0.5m diagonally, the upper part crossed each other, and the cross leg was separated by 3m. The stainless steel wire or cable clips are used to tie the intersections (including the horizontal reinforcing bars), and a steel bar (or pipe) is placed in the middle of the horizontal bar to withstand the subsequent heavy pressure. The seedlings of the following species and the temporary stakes are the same as the second method.
4, other. Non-scale cultivation, dragon fruit can also be attached to the dwarf wall, live stumps, and even can be used as a basis for the rest of the betel nut a kind of lower trunk without leaves. However, it is not possible to use shelf-type cultivation because the horizontally extending vines have more branches and less flowering buds, and it is difficult to harvest them even if they are fruitful. The roofs of branches were cut off and shorn, and the black holes under the sheds were all unfavorable to flowering.
Dragon fruit is a longevity plant that has survived for decades and even hundreds of years. Therefore, regardless of the kind of stent, its firmness and durability should be placed first. It should also be considered that after several years, if the stent is overwhelming, it can be easily reinforced and strengthened without affecting the normal growth of the year. According to our planting experience for a few years, we should also pay attention to the new garden, the row distance can not be small, 2.5m is the minimum, otherwise the stem spreads fully open, the narrow passage makes the managers and tourists everywhere dodge the triangular stem very sharp Spur thorns are very uncomfortable and convenient.
Fourth, the effectiveness of planting dragon fruit.
Modern fashionable eco-friendly, sightseeing tours, and orchards are the most attractive places in the countryside. It is the wish of the tourists to tasting fresh and sweet fruits. In the south, the litchi longan is only one or two months old for fruit, and it is difficult to maintain long-term prosperity for tourists. The dragon fruit, from May to November, has one or two concentrated flower and fruit stages, but also scattered, multiple batches of fruit and fruit, coupled with appropriate refrigeration and processing, so that tourists can taste within six months Fresh fruit and ice cream and other delicious foods and drinks. We haven't introduced much of the Yellow Dragon Fruit in the “variety†section because our company still has no such breed. According to the data, the response of yellow flesh species to temperature is unusual. Its budding period and fruiting period are long. Xiaguo is listed on the Mid-Autumn Festival. Autumn and winter fruits (mainly produced fruit) are harvested before and after the Spring Festival, which is exactly the same as red and white flesh fruit. Added, three kinds of dragon fruit for the fruit period span three quarters of a year. Yellow flesh seeds have high sweetness, low yield but high grade, and they should be introduced in the future. In South China, dragon fruit is a paradise for all seasons visitors. It is a “hundred orchard†consisting of green jujube, guava, plantain, starfruit, wolfberry and other traditional fruit trees.
One year after the planting of pitaya, it will reach the initial stage of production, yielding 1,000 kilograms per mu; two or three thousand kilograms after two years, and three or five thousand kilograms after three years of three years when there is no problem. 6-10 yuan per kilogram can make a lot of money, even if it reaches 2-3 yuan, it will never lose money. It is appropriate to maintain a density of 6-7 thousand pendulous stems per acre of land, that is, about 10/m2, with an average of 1 fruit per year per knot, an average fruit weight of 0.3-0.4 kg, and 1 mu of land yielding 2000- 2670 kg/year. Chinese people are still unfamiliar with cactus plants as a dish, but it is indeed a fashionable food. Not only edible cactus can be used as a dish, but also triangular vines, buds and unripe fruits of dragon fruit can be made into a variety of delicious dishes. Dragon fruit flower can be cut after 48 hours of flowering (ie, pollen has entered the ovary to fertilize egg cells), and fresh or dry food can be used, which is no different from “sword flowerâ€.
V. The unique composition and health effects of dragon fruit Dragon fruit because of its unique ingredients, has excellent health effects on the human body.
1. Viscose plant albumin, which is rarely found in ordinary fruits. Many people know that heavy metals (mainly lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium) are hazardous to health and children have excessive levels of lead. Albumin, which is exposed to heavy metal ions in the human body, quickly wraps it around and avoids it. Intestinal absorption, excreted detoxification.
2, rich in more special ingredients anthocyanins, especially the most red dragon fruit content. Anthocyanins are antioxidants that retain their activity in human blood for 75 hours and are 10 times more potent than carotene. It is transported through the blood to the body for anti-oxidation, anti-radical, anti-aging, and anti-Alzheimer's.
3, rich in vitamin C, has a good effect of beauty skin whitening. The skin should be bright and clean, reduce wrinkles, it is necessary to make the dermal layer of the skin tissue rich in collagen, and vitamin C is an indispensable ingredient in the formation of collagen.
4, rich in water-soluble dietary fiber, a good weight loss, blood sugar, anti-constipation function. This kind of fiber absorbs water and expands 10-15 times, producing a gelatinous substance that makes the food stay in the stomach for a long time, so that dieters can prolong their sense of satiety without being hungry. The efficacy of dragon fruit in controlling blood sugar has been seen in the regular medical literature. It is one of the few foods that diabetics can ingest. Its intestines, prevent constipation, and reduce the role of colorectal cancer, more and more attention. It can be seen that dragon fruit is suitable for men and women, young and old, health detoxification beauty, improve the body's immune function, regular food is beneficial!
6. Jinkui Subsidiary can provide you with high-quality bioactive fertilizers for dragon fruit seedlings and cultivated dragon fruit. Our company has planted more than 10 kinds of fruit trees in orchards. The practice of several years is the best for dragon fruit, and the planting area gradually expands. A variety of fine varieties - deep red meat red dragon fruit and white meat Yulong fruit bred a batch of fruit seedlings, at any time waiting for customers to visit, fruit and buy fruit seedlings, or for a letter, call to find out. Our company has been certified by the Organic Food Development Center of the State Environmental Protection Administration as an organic food cultivation base. Pitaya is the main crop and uses the bioactive fertilizers developed and produced by our company. Among them, the “Corrupted Spirit†and “Golden Sunflower Ecological Fertilizer†Certification can be used for organic food production, and there are many types of fertilizers that are also applying for certification.
Many people personally perceive that the fruits, vegetables, and other agricultural foods that have been treated with chemical fertilizers have poor taste, and they have a good taste of organic fertilizers. Jin Kuizi Fertilizer is the preferred beneficial microbial flora and organic waste from agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and some of the minerals required for the plant. It is produced through bio-fermentation and is suitable for the production of “green food†fertilizer. For your farm or orchard, such as bio-organic waste, such as weed straw, please use “Corrupted Spirit†to stack them or blisters. The dosage is only 0.2%, and you do not need to add nitrogen fertilizer when adding manure . With the addition of organic fertilizers from the "Corrupted Spirit", it contains a lot of beneficial microorganisms, both nitrogen fixation and soil fertility, and the fertilizer efficiency is far better than that of farmyard manure. If you read this article for cultivating dragon fruit, it is recommended to apply 2-3 kg of the above compost, add 0.5-1 kg of kumquat ecological fertilizer (formerly known as active organic fertilizer), and plant soil (0.5m in diameter, 0.3 in depth). m) Mix well and mix thoroughly and plant fruit seedlings. Pitaya is a shallow rooted plant that does not require deep-buried fertilizers. The fertile shallow soil, combined with the constant weeding and weeding, is the ideal environment for the full extension and absorption of its roots.
The fertilization during the growth results: First, it is a shallow rooted plant, and the second is the multiple flowering results in one year, which determines that it is not suitable to open trenches or digging pits for fertilization, and it is not necessary to concentrate excessively on fertilization but mainly to apply multiple uniform fertilizations and to apply fertilizer. Water and fertilizer are the most suitable. Sprinkle the peanut bran with “Corium stalk†and dilute with water after fully decomposed, and add 0.3% urea to it, once per month during growth. In the flowering result concentration period, after the flowering of Shenglei and the fruit period (half a month later), the above-mentioned water and fertilizer was added with 0.1-0.2% of LPK fertilizer, each of which was applied once, and 5-7 kg of LPK fertilizer was applied per acre. LPK fertilizer, also known as active phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, has the functions of dissolving phosphorus and dissolving potassium microorganisms, activating phosphorus and potassium elements in fertilizers and soils, and making them suitable for the plants to be absorbed by the plants. It has a great effect on protecting fruits, strengthening fruits and improving quality.
There are two kinds of foliar fertilizer products in the active sunflower manure, one is the full-valent nutrient active foliar fertilizer “leaves greenâ€, which can be used in time to supplement the nutrients that the plants need and the soil supply is insufficient, and can be used during the entire growth period. It is regularly sprayed (about half a month) 500 times; the other is a hormone-free, nutrient-based plant growth regulator, “retus acid and sweetening spiritâ€, which has a significant effect on promoting fruit growth, improving sugar content, and improving flavor. In the young fruit period after flowering and the middle fruit period after half a month, the water was sprayed 400 times each time, and the spraying time was equivalent to the time of application of LPK fertilizer. Both foliar fertilizers can be mixed with non-alkaline pesticides.
Seventh, other management points Kind of dragon fruit, we should also pay attention to:
1. The planting site does not need to be planted and can be shaped into a gentle slope. The planting line is high, the lines are low, drainage is smooth, and heavy rain is prevented from soaking in the roots.
2, to have irrigation conditions, keep the rhizosphere soil, surface moisture.
3, weeds do not hurt the roots, should not pull the tree disk weed, small annual weeds are also no harm, we must eradicate the weeds thatch weeds and climbing winding weeds. There are mowing machines that cut and cut regularly (without rooting) and will cut the weeds on both sides of the line to best facilitate the growth of the dragon fruit root.
4, not much pests and diseases, do not have to "anti-" from time to time spraying.
5, bee pollination and artificial pollination.
6, the branches must be sparsely cut, too many buds have buds.
7, often check the fastness of the bracket, and timely reinforcement to avoid collapse.
8. The most concern is the introduction of tropical plants into the subtropical region in winter to prevent freezing (cold) damage. In addition to islands in the south of the Tropic of Cancer in China, winter temperatures below 8 °C are basically annual, and the upper or lower chills of dragon fruit are indispensable, while the large-scale frost damage in several years and more than ten years is the greatest threat. Do not take it lightly when planting plants on a large scale. It is necessary to provide enough weeds or weeds.
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