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How to increase breeding potential of breeding pigs
Pigs have a large reproductive potential. Adult sows can ovulate about 20 times per estrus, but the actual fertility is only about 10. The number of litters in sows is not only related to breed, age and parity, but also the level of rearing and management is an important factor that influences the reproductive potential of sows. Therefore, raising the breeding and management level of breeding pigs and excavating the reproductive potential of breeding pigs are of great significance for raising the economic benefits of raising pigs. The species value of boar breeding and management boars is the key to determining the breeding condition. As the saying goes: “The sows are good, they have a good nest; the boars are good, and the boars are goodâ€. Only by guaranteeing the balance of nutrition, exercise and breeding of the boar, can it be guaranteed that it will provide a sufficient amount of semen to lay the foundation for breeding fetuses. First of all, it should meet its nutritional needs, adult boar diet requirements: digestive energy 6600 kcal, protein 16% to 18%, calcium phosphate ratio between 1:1 to 2:1. At the same time, some essential amino acids are properly added to ensure the effective content of trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc and vitamins. Feed should be diversified to achieve nutritional complementarity. Feeding should be regularly quantified to ensure that breeding boar breeding conditions to prevent excessive fat or too thin. In addition, physiological acid material should be added to improve semen quality. Followed by stepping up the exercise, exercise every day, every afternoon, every time exercise for 1 hour, travel about 2 kilometers. Avoid the cold and the sun during exercise. The third is to make reasonable use of breeding pigs. Generally, an adult boar breeds 1 or 2 times a day, takes 1 day off every week, and returns the breeding boar to the original resting after the breeding is completed. After the breeding, the boar cannot feed immediately. The three kinds of boar nutrition, exercise and breeding are linked to each other and restrict each other. Nutrients are abundant, and if there is not enough exercise and breeding, the boar will be over-fed, the ability of breeding will be reduced, and the quality of semen will be reduced. On the contrary, excessive exercise and breeding, and lack of nutrition, the boar weight loss, the quality of sperm decreased, the number of effective sperm decreased, lack of vitality. Therefore, we must maintain the balance of the three to ensure the provision of high-quality, sufficient amount of semen. 2 Feeding and management of empty sows The empty sows' lyrical conditions directly affect the quality of ovulation. The first is to ensure that the supply of empty nutrients for sows is comprehensive, especially for the supply of protein. Under normal circumstances, it should be maintained at 12% to 14% per kg of diet. If the supply is insufficient or the quality is not perfect, the normal development of the egg cell will be limited, the number of ovulation will decrease, and the conception rate will decline. The second is to meet the needs of minerals and vitamins, especially the supply of calcium, VA, and VD, to maintain a moderate degree of sorrow and plenty of energy in the sows. The masses often say: Empty sows are seventy percent and eighty percent, so it is easy to have a lot of births. For pregnant sows with poor body condition, “short-term excellent feeding†can be performed before mating, that is, high energy feed is provided 10 to 14 days before the breeding to increase the number of ovulation and improve the quality of eggs. At the same time, a large amount of green and succulent feed is supplied in sow diets to maintain good external environmental conditions and the cleanliness and hygiene of pigs, and to pay attention to sunstroke prevention and cooling work. 3 Scientific mating sows usually ovulate 24 to 36 hours after estrus. The fertilization time of the egg is only 8 to 12 hours, and the sperm can survive in the sow for 10 to 20 hours. The timely mating can ensure that the sperm and egg have the strongest vitality. The combination ensures that all eggs are fertilized to form embryos. Suitable breeding time is 2 to 3 hours before ovulation or 19 to 30 hours after estrus. In actual production, the appropriate timing should be flexibly selected according to the age and breed of the sow, “older with early, small with late, not old with smallâ€, “cultivated varieties should be early, local varieties should be late, hybrid varieties In the middle." Early and late mating can affect the fertilization rate. Even if fertilized, the fertilized eggs do not have strong vigor and they easily die in the middle. In addition, the way of mating is also an important part of determining the number of litters. A lot of practice has proved that: re-allocating (sows use 1 boar with 12 to 18 hours in one situation and 2 times), double allocation (sows use 2 boars for 15-30 minutes in one situation) With 1) and three breedings are better. Farms (households) can choose the appropriate method according to the conditions and needs in the actual production to achieve the purpose of increasing litter size. 4 Feeding and management of pregnant sows The main task of feeding and managing sows during pregnancy is to ensure that the fetus receives normal development in the mother's body, prevents miscarriage, and guarantees the upper body condition of the sows. In the first 3 weeks, feeds such as corn and soybean cake are properly fed, and the protein content is between 13% and 15%. After 3 to 12 weeks, the digestive ability of the sow is enhanced, and the medium nutrient level should be maintained. The protein content is between 11% and 13%. Between the time, can feed some green and juicy feed; after 12 weeks, the fetus develops rapidly, requires a lot of nutrition, at this time should provide a variety of feed to meet the nutritional needs of the mother and child, protein content to account for 15% to 18% of the diet; Loss of appetite and poor digestion during the first 2 weeks of gestation should be accompanied by easy-digestible feeds and small meals. Worms that are moldy, spoiled, degenerated, frozen, toxic, and highly irritating are strictly prohibited from feeding pregnant sows. At the same time, to achieve a single lap for pregnant sows, the housing is flat, sanitary, cool in winter and cool in summer. During the first month of pregnancy, the sow is guaranteed to sleep well, exercise less, exercise 1 to 2 hours per day after 1 month, and allow her to exercise freely before giving birth. Avoid bodily sharp bends during exercise, avoid movement on smooth, muddy roads, and stop outside activities during rain, snow or cold weather to prevent freezing or slipping. Do not startle, whip, bite frame and other undesirable stimuli.