How to carry out fruit cultivation in mountain areas
The so-called ecological cultivation of mountain fruit trees refers to the adaptability of the fruit trees to the geography and climate environment in the production of fruit trees in the mountainous area as the starting point for the formulation and implementation of fruit tree cultivation and management techniques. It will increase the utilization of water, light, gas, and hot soil resources in the park, and promote the species in the park. Diversification, distribution hierarchy, establishment of an orchard ecosystem with organic combinations, mutual coordination, and mutual restraint among species in a park to promote fruit production, stable production, high quality, low consumption, and high efficiency, and in the sustainable production of fruit trees, Promote the gradual optimization of the park's ecological environment. I. Ecological problems faced by the production of fruit trees in the mountainous area The orchard is an artificial ecosystem. The organic whole is built among the species in the system. In the development of mountain fruit industry, neglecting or neglecting ecological cultivation in planning and layout, garden construction and cultivation and management will damage ecological systems and inevitably lead to lower utilization of water, light, gas, heat and soil resources in the park. Simplification, deteriorating resource allocation, reduction in populations of beneficial microorganisms and natural enemies, serious loss of water, soil, and fertilizer components in the orchard, thinning of soil layers, and decline in soil fertility have deteriorated the entire park's ecological environment. At the same time, the ability of fruit trees to resist various pests and diseases and natural disasters weakened, and the normal growth and development of fruit trees was affected by incalculable effects. II. Significance of ecological cultivation of fruit trees in mountain areas 1. Ecological cultivation of fruit trees in mountainous regions requires fruit industry development in accordance with the ecological habits of fruit trees, which will surely promote the development of fruit industry in the direction of high yield, stable production, and high quality. 2. The ecological cultivation of fruit trees in the mountainous regions emphasizes the full use of natural resources such as water, light, gas, heat, and soil in the park, adopts three-dimensional development, and establishes a multi-species, multi-level virtuous cycle, which will surely increase the productivity of the park and its management. benefit. 3. The ecological cultivation of fruit trees in mountainous areas is based on the premise of gradually optimizing the ecological environment of the park, which is conducive to gradually enhancing the ability of fruit trees to resist various natural disasters. 4. Fruit trees are perennial economic plants that use fruits. Fruit tree production has obvious ecological benefits. Construction of fruit trees is an important part of the current forest ecosystem construction in mountain areas. Ecological cultivation of fruit trees in mountainous areas is conducive to strengthening the ecology of the surrounding areas and surrounding areas. efficacy. III. Ecological Cultivation Techniques for Fruit Trees in Mountain Areas 1. Based on the local fruit tree ecological zoning, we will develop a variety of rare and superior fruit trees that are suitable for the geography, climate and environment of the region and promising market prospects. In particular, it is necessary to develop varieties of late-maturing rare fruit trees suitable for cool and cool climates in a suitable fruit zone with an altitude of 500 to 1,000 meters, in order to give full play to the market advantages of mature ripening and off-season marketing of alpine fruit. 2. According to the requirement of environmental conditions for improved varieties of fruit trees, choose a land with convenient transportation, close to water, sufficient sunlight, and deep soil and low slopes. Generally, the slope of the orchard should be below 25 degrees, so fruit should be suitable. Fruit, suitable place suitable tree. 3. According to the size of the orchard and site conditions, protective forests are arranged around the garden to coordinate the orchard's ecological environment. Generally, the park should be built on a hill with a relatively high altitude. Conservation forests should be preserved at the top of the park and should not be fully developed. Windbreaks should be provided on the windward side of the park to reduce the impact of strong winds on the orchards. 4. According to the types of fruit trees developed, adopt standardized landscaping or scientific biomimicry gardens, and in accordance with the technical requirements for soil and water conservation, do a good job of the infrastructure construction of the garden and minimize the loss of water, soil and fertilizer in the garden. 5. A well-developed drainage and water storage system will be constructed to facilitate the flood prevention and flood control in the first half of the park and water storage and drought relief in the second half of the year. On the inner side of the park floor, at a certain distance from the inner drain, digging fruit trees can be excavated in the ditch section corresponding to the plant position, and a number of underground culvert filters can be constructed at the intersection of the middle and upper roads in the garden. The self-flowing cisterns, which are connected to the main pool. 6. Adopt large holes, large fertilizers, and large seedlings to plant colonies, and expand soils and soils year by year to create a loose and fertile soil environment for the extension of the fruit tree root system to depth and breadth. 7. According to the growth and development characteristics of fruit trees and site conditions, due to the tree's suitability to local conditions, it can be pruned scientifically to cultivate high-yield trees with air and light transmission, structured and three-dimensional structure. 8. The young orchards are interplanted with green manure to cultivate organic fertilizer sources. This will help improve the utilization of light energy and land resources in the park, regulate the microecological environment of the park, prevent soil erosion, and improve the mature soil. The current promotion of green manure varieties include: Indonesian mung bean, Japanese cymbidium, and Hoo-Xiang. 9. Change the traditional clean farming method, implement planned grass cultivation and dry season tree cover. In the first half of the year before the rainy season, weeds are allowed to grow, and weeds are used to compost buried weeds until the end of the rainy season. In the wet season before the drought, we use straw, weeds, etc. to cover the trees to reduce soil. Temperature, reduce soil moisture evaporation, increase soil moisture content. 10. According to the growth and development of fruit trees and the characteristics of fertilizer requirements, the impact of fertilizers on quality and the sustainability of fertilizer effects, etc., due to the appropriate conditions of the trees, timely and appropriate fertilization, focusing on the use of fertilizers as well as organic fertilizers and trace element fertilizers The application. 11. Take fruit protection and fruit thinning measures to regulate the relationship between growth results, beware of predatory production, and promote the cultivation of fruits with reasonable results in order to achieve high quality and stable production. 12. Implement integrated pest and disease control, strengthen agricultural prevention and control, pay attention to the protection of natural enemies, advocate the development of livestock husbandry, implement breeding and husbandry, and raise livestock and poultry to provide appropriate green fodder. The establishment of a benign ecological cycle between the fruit industry and the aquaculture industry will certainly help promote the vigorous development of the fruit industry in the park.