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Fertilizing and Pruning Technology in Apple Orchard in Autumn and Winter
First, the deep orchard fertilization cultivation of orchards in fruit orchards requires high-yield, stable production, high-quality, and high-efficiency. They must work hard on the soil and do a good job of deep-dipping fertilization to create a loose, fertile, water-retaining soil for fruit trees. The time of deep turning fertilizer application can be carried out from fruit picking to fruit sprouting the following year. The sooner the better, the better. The method is to deepen 70-80 cm deep, 50-60 cm wide, and take care to protect large roots larger than 0.5 cm thick. It is possible to use animal manure, sheep manure, pig manure, chicken manure, etc. The young trees apply 15 to 30 kilograms per plant, and the results will be applied to the trees in pounds. At the same time, a large amount of organic matter can also be added, such as wheat straw, wheat bran, corn stalk, bean stalk, leaves, weeds, etc., and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be added to facilitate the decomposition of organic matter. 2. Many pests and diseases of the apple trees of the Qingyuan Garden are overwintering on the leaves, lining skin, rotten fruit, and dead branches. Therefore, it is very important to do a clear work in the autumn. If you do a good job in clearing the garden, you can effectively reduce the base number of overwintering pests and diseases, and lay a good foundation for the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests in the coming year. Therefore, we must do a good job of scraping the rot and scraping the old skin. Remove litter and rotten fruit, and bury or burn it. Third, grasp the pruning "heat" Current sapling pruning must correct the tendency of all branches are placed on the leggy branches, back upright branches, overlapping branches and excessive competition branches must be removed. For long-term results, implement light-cut and long-term deployments. Do not put long-term branches after a large number of results. Should be based on the performance of the fruit tree itself, with a plan, purpose to carry out different degrees of retraction. In order to prevent the resulting parts of the relocation of the internal hemorrhoids fruit color problems and other problems. With the expansion of the canopy, growers need to consider the balance between growth and results, ventilation and light transmission between the rows and the crown. Every year growth period should carefully observe the pruning response of fruit trees. The fruit tree itself is a living recorder. For example, some trees have a large number of branches, and the result is less. This shows that the cuts are too heavy and have too many heads, so that the vegetative growth takes the main part. On the contrary, some trees are short and short, resulting in excessive results, indicating that the pruning is too light and reproductive growth accounts for the main body. Some of the trees have few results and they are not colored. This shows that the big branches are left too much, the tree canopy is too dense, and there is poor ventilation and light transmission. Therefore, mastering the "heating" of pruning is the key to technology. Fruit trees grow, and the result is a measure of the correct use of pruning techniques. In order to rectify the problems existing in the pruning of the day before, the following points must be emphasized in the winter shearing work. 1, clear tree concept: According to the province's scientific and technical workers for many years of research and production application results show that the apple tree advocates two kinds of more ideal tree shape, first, Qiaohua tree should use three main branches and sparse crown sparse layer shape. The dwarf tree adopts a slender spun tree shape or an improved slender spirulina tree shape. 2. Branching and opening angles: At present, there are a large number of fruit trees on the production, which shows that there are too many large branches and dense tree crowns, and the main branch angle is not opened. The result is not good. In winter, when shearing, there are too many main branches and the door side is too large. Because the garden is trimmed by trees, according to the requirements of the tree, there are plans to cut off the excess branches year by year. The trees with unopened tree crowns should use the method of bracing or backing branches to open the main branch angle. If necessary, the method of connecting the three saws can be used to increase the main branch angle. As long as the unnecessary large branches are removed and the angle of the main branch is opened, the tree-trend will naturally ease, and the problem of light will be solved. The flower buds will be formed in large numbers. 3, due to tree pruning: on the main branch back to the life of the perennial branch to be treated in time to prevent the trees on the tree. For the varieties of the marshals with short fruit branch results, before the vegetative growth has not been converted into reproductive growth, it is necessary to put long and short cuts, single axis extension, no fruit shrinkage, increase the opening angle of the shoots, and excessive branch amount. Thinning. It is forbidden to see the cutting of branches. Over-sized flower buds of the old year tree should pay attention to short growth. However, young trees with few flower buds must retain flower buds in every possible way. For trees that are easy to form flower buds, they must be lightly cut and long-distance on the peripheral branches, and use the results of flower buds to increase the annual output. Dwarfing Fuji trees is prone to weaker, weaker, and weaker, and the central guiding dryness tends to weaken. It is necessary to remove the lower branches or auxiliary branches, and strictly control the lateral branches of the door to ensure that the central backbone takes absolute advantage. (Wei Changming)