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Fertilization of vegetables
During the growth of various vegetables, they need to absorb nutrients from the soil to meet the growing needs. Therefore, in order to achieve reasonable fertilization in the cultivation of vegetables, in addition to giving full play to the role of fertilizer, it is more important to save costs and improve the yield and quality of vegetables. First, understand the amount of fertilizer used in different vegetables in the cultivation of vegetables in order to achieve reasonable fertilization, should determine the amount of fertilizer in different soil conditions, different vegetables. At present, the basis for determining the amount of fertilizer for different vegetables is mainly the following four aspects. 1. Knowing how much effective nutrient content in the soil is is an important basis for determining the amount of fertilization. If the fertility is more fertilizer, it is necessary to reduce the amount of fertilizer, on the contrary, we must increase the amount. 2. To understand the amount of nutrients that various vegetables need to absorb when they reach a certain yield target. Under normal circumstances, the nutrients that vegetables absorb from the soil need to be supplemented by timely fertilization. 3. Understand the requirements of various vegetables on soil nutrient concentration. For example, cucumber has less absorption of nitrogen than radish and kale, but its requirement for soil nitrogen is higher than radish and cabbage. Tomato absorbs less phosphorus than other vegetables, but its requirement for soil phosphate concentration is higher than that of cucumber. Other vegetables. Therefore, in order to ensure the high quality and high yield of such vegetables, it is necessary to meet their requirements for nutrient concentration through fertilization. However, vegetables such as radish and squash have strong absorptive capacity for nitrogen fertilizer or other nutrients, and the absorption amount is relatively large. However, the amount of fertilizer is not necessarily large, because it can utilize the remaining nutrients absorbed by other vegetables. 4. Understand the utilization of fertilizer under different conditions. In the production, the effective components of the fertilized material cannot be absorbed by the whole vegetable. Therefore, when determining the amount of fertilizer, it is necessary to analyze different fertilizers and utilization rates under different conditions. However, it must be noted that different fertilizers and soils have a certain influence on the utilization of fertilizers. The utilization rate of common organic fertilizers with high carbon and nitrogen ratio is about 25% in the season; the effective components of various phosphate fertilizers are easily fixed by the soil and the utilization rate is 20% to 30%; the utilization rate of effective components of available nitrogen fertilizers is generally 50%~ 80%, the effective composition of available potassium fertilizer is 40% to 70%. Fertilizers with good clay performance and loamy soils have higher fertilizer utilization rates, whereas soils with poor fertilizer retention performance have lower fertilizer utilization. Fertilizing methods and cultivation conditions also affect the utilization of fertilizers. Second, to grasp the fertilization period of different vegetables 1. Fertilizers are determined based on the nature of the fertilizer. Ordinary organic fertilizers, such as compost, manure, and green manure, are part of the side-effect fertilizers. These fertilizers are best used as base fertilizers before sowing. Fertilizers should be applied before winter tillage. Phosphate fertilizers are generally used as base fertilizers. For vegetables with a long growing period, 40% to 50% of the total phosphorous fertilizer needs to be set aside and used when the product starts to form rapidly. Available potassium fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers can be used as seed fertilizers, seedling fertilizers and top-dressing fertilizers during the growing season based on the content of soil nutrients. Among the available nitrogen fertilizers, nitrate nitrogen fertilizers have fast absorption and utilization, but they can easily be lost. 2. According to the length of the growth period of different vegetables determine the number of fertilization. For the general vegetable growth period below 60 days, the main base fertilizer and seed fertilizer should be applied. The soil with poor soil fertility can be top-dressed once. The vegetable growth period is longer. In addition to applying the base fertilizer, several additional fertilizers are required. During the vigorous growth of vegetables and the rapid formation of products, the interval between the availability of available fertilizers should not be shortened. Generally, the fertilizer and clay should be applied once every 20 days. The amount of topdressing each time can be based on the validity period. The absorption of various vegetables and other factors are determined. 3. According to the vegetable's ability to absorb nutrients at different fertility stages and needs to determine the proportion of each fertilizer. Fast-acting fertilizers and fermented high-efficiency organic fertilizers should be used when the concentration of vegetables requires the largest amount of fertilizer. For example, in the same period of time, Chinese cabbage has the largest number of pods absorbed in the late rosette and early ball. The same variety of fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, etc., the period of the highest nutrients absorption is in the period of vegetative growth and rapid fruit formation, in this period will have to apply more available fertilizer. 4. According to the changes in soil nutrients, determine the fertilization period and proportion. The effective nutrient content of soil can meet the requirements of the most suitable nutrient concentration of vegetables, and it is an important basis for determining whether or not fertilization is needed at a certain stage. The amount of nutrients absorbed by various vegetables at the seedling stage is not large, but the nutrient concentration requirement at this stage is higher than other growth stages. If the concentration of soil nutrients is insufficient at this time, fertilization should be added, which more fully shows the use of seed fertilizers and seedlings to increase production. 3. Other measures to increase fertilizer efficiency 1. Fertilizers should be applied locally to vegetables with large plant spacings, seed fertilizers, and top dressings at the seedling stage. This will not only reduce the amount of fertilizer, but also allow the fixed phosphate fertilizers to be applied centrally, according to the root distribution of different vegetables. Fertilization site. 2. Appropriate fertilizer and water. The active ingredients of various fertilizers are dissolved in water to be absorbed by the vegetables and watered in time. Watering should be appropriate, too much to increase the loss of nutrients and reduce the concentration of soil nutrients. To control vegetative growth, watering can be suspended. 3. According to the characteristics of different vegetables, timely pruning, topping and fruit thinning, make full use of nutrients in the formation of the fruit. Excerpted from: 2005.5.4.4 "Yunnan Science and Technology News"