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The packaging process includes major processes such as filling, wrapping, and sealing, as well as related pre- and post-processes such as cleaning, stacking, and disassembly. In addition, the package also includes processes such as metering or stamping on the package. The use of mechanical packaging products can improve productivity, reduce labor intensity, meet the needs of large-scale production, and meet the requirements of sanitation.
Packaging machinery has evolved with the advent of new packaging materials and continuous innovation in packaging technology. The papermaking technology invented in China has historically provided conditions for the production of paper packaging. World paper prices fell sharply in 1850, and paper packaging began to be used in food. In 1852, Worley in the United States invented a paper bag machine, which led to the emergence of paper products machinery. In 1861, Germany established the world's * packaging machinery factory, and in 1911 produced a fully automatic forming filling and sealing machine.
In 1890 the United States began producing liquid filling machines, and in 1902 it produced gravity filling machines. At the beginning of the 20th century, Durand in the United Kingdom used metal containers to preserve food, resulting in a variety of canned foods.
Since the 1960s, new materials have gradually replaced traditional packaging materials, especially after the use of plastic packaging materials, packaging machinery has undergone major changes. The rise of supermarkets has placed new demands on the packaging of goods. In order to ensure the fast and safe transportation of goods, the container came into being, and the size of the container body gradually realized standardization and serialization, which promoted the further improvement and development of packaging machinery.
Packaging machinery has a variety of classification methods. According to the function, it can be divided into single-function packaging machine and multi-function packaging machine; it can be divided into inner packaging machine and outer packaging machine according to the purpose of use; it can be divided into special packaging machine and general packaging machine according to the variety of packaging; semi-automatic machine according to automation level And fully automatic machines.
The forming-filling-sealing packaging machine is a multifunctional packaging machine. After the material enters the top of the packaging machine, the metering section feeds a predetermined number of products into the material channel. When the roll wrapping material passes through the outer wall of the material passage, it is wound into a cylindrical shape by the former, and the longitudinal sealer secures the longitudinal seam. The transverse sealer completes the top seal of the package and the bottom seal of the next bag, forming two welds. Since the blanking channel is wrapped by the packaging bag, the bottom sealing and sealing can be directly cut into the bag, and then a station is moved to complete the sealing and sealing with a cutter to complete the packaging process.
The roll packaging material is single layered and composite. Single layer such as moisture-proof cellophane, polyethylene, polypropylene, high density polyethylene, composite such as stretched polypropylene/polyethylene, polyethylene/cellophane/aluminum foil. In addition, there are heat sealable materials and the like. The package sealing type has a pillow seal, a three-side seal and a four-side seal. The cartoning machine is used for packaging of product sales.
A cartoner is a machine for the sale of a product, which loads a metered amount of the metered material into a box and closes or seals the open portion of the box. The cartoning machine is used to complete the transport package, and the packaged product is loaded into the box in a certain arrangement and quantity, and the opening part of the box is closed or sealed. The cartoning machine and the cartoning machine have the functions of forming (or opening the container), measuring, loading and sealing the container.
The typical process is as follows: the filling machine positions the hose container, seals the tail end of the container after metering, and then sends it to the cartoning machine. The cartoning machine first forms the blank, and after wrapping the hose with the backing paper, pushes the box to close the mouth of the box. The small boxes are sent to the stacking machine in a stacking machine. After stacking the predetermined number, the large blank is formed into a container in a wrap-around manner, while the small box is loaded therein and glued to seal. The large boxes are transported to the packer for stacking, and after a predetermined number, are loaded into the open box. After packing, the lid of the box is glued and sealed by a sealing stripper, and the box is tied with a tape at the seam of the flap or tied with a strapping machine.
The liquid filling machine can be divided into normal pressure filling machine, pressure filling machine and vacuum filling machine according to the filling principle.
The atmospheric pressure filling machine is filled by liquid weight under atmospheric pressure. This type of filling machine is divided into two types: timed filling and constant filling. It is only suitable for filling low viscosity gas-free liquids such as milk and wine.
The pressure filling machine is filled at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, and can also be divided into two types: one is that the pressure in the liquid storage tank is equal to the pressure in the bottle, and is filled by the liquid self-weight into the bottle, which is called For equal pressure filling; the other is that the pressure in the liquid storage tank is higher than the pressure in the bottle, and the liquid flows into the bottle by the pressure difference, and the high-speed production line adopts this method. The pressure filling machine is suitable for liquid filling with gas, such as beer, soda, champagne and so on.
The vacuum filling machine is filled at a pressure below the atmospheric pressure in the bottle. The filling machine has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency, wide adaptability to the viscosity of materials, such as oil, syrup and fruit wine.
The process is generally as follows: the boxes with empty bottles are stacked on the tray, and the conveyor belt is sent to the unloading tray machine, the trays are unloaded one by one, the boxes are sent to the unloading machine with the conveyor belt, and the empty bottles are taken out of the boxes. The empty box is sent to the washing machine via the conveyor belt, cleaned, and then transported to the side of the cartoner to fill the bottle containing the beverage. The empty bottle taken out from the unloading machine is sent to the bottle washing machine for disinfection and cleaning by another conveyor belt. After being inspected by the bottle inspection machine, it enters the filling machine and the capping machine after meeting the cleaning standard. The beverage is filled into the bottle by the filling machine. The bottle with the beverage is sealed by the capping machine and transported to the labeling machine for labeling. After the label is attached, it is sent to the packing machine and loaded into the box and then sent to the stacking tray machine for stacking on the tray and sent to the warehouse.
The process of filling the bottle filling line for various beverages is basically similar. However, depending on the nature of the beverage, the filling machine and the capping machine used are also different. For example, in addition to selecting a suitable filling and capping machine, a beer filling line is also provided with a sterilizer. The capping machine selects the corresponding model according to the shape of the cap used (the crown cap, the cap, the cap, etc.).
A brief history and classification of packaging machinery
Packaging machinery refers to the machinery that can complete the process of packaging parts or parts and products.